Homer Barron’s remains that lay on the bed Free Essays

It was Homer Barron’s remains that lay on the bed in one   of the rooms of the old Grierson house, found there forty years after his disappearance.   The circumstances and events cited by the author of the short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† point out to this inevitable conclusion. Only a person with an abnormal state of mind would suffer a dead man to lie unburied for years, mouldering right inside a room in her house. We will write a custom essay sample on Homer Barron’s remains that lay on the bed or any similar topic only for you Order Now When some of the neighbours complained of the foul smell, Miss Emily acted as if nothing was wrong: the men who had surreptitiously entered her lawn to spread lime over the ground saw her sitting inside one of the rooms.   Unknown to them at that time, she was perhaps keeping vigil or visiting her lover’s corpse. That she would lie down with him night after night – evidenced by the â€Å"long strand of iron-gray hair† found in the indentation in the pillow beside him –   bespeaks of her utter loss of sanity, which was not so visible at first. That Miss Emily suffered from emotional instability – a streak of madness in her – becomes apparent as the story unfolds. Cloistered in the ancient Grierson mansion, Miss Emily is seen as someone above the average citizen: her supposed lineage kept people at bay.   She ignored tax notices sent after her father died; either she did not comprehend, or she had naively believed the old tale that the townspeople were indebted to her family.   She is impervious   and cold, seemingly devoid of any emotion, as if lost in a   world only she knows about. We find the first strong evidence of her unnatural state of mind when her father dies: she refuses for three days to have him buried, telling the mourners he was not dead.   â€Å"We did not say she was crazy then,† narrates the author.   The people saw her grief as evidence of a despairing helplessness, feeling herself so alone, still unmarried, her father having driven away those young men who had earlier proposed to her. We are told that Miss Emily â€Å"had some kin in Alabama; but years ago her father had fallen out with them over the estate of old lady Wyatt, the crazy woman . . . â€Å" Here is yet another hint that madness ran in the family. When she and Homer Barron are seen together, causing a scandal among the townsfolk, the Baptist minister is sent to talk to her.   The minister does not say what transpired during their interview but he refuses to go back (and talk to her) again. Perhaps the minister was taken aback by Miss Emily’s haughty demeanor as that she displayed when she vanquished the town officials who had demanded from her payment of taxes.   Or maybe the minister saw something frightful in Emily’s eyes that he refused to talk to her again. How to cite Homer Barron’s remains that lay on the bed, Papers

Technological Innovations in Mental Healthcare

Question: Discuss about the Technological Innovations in Mental Healthcare. Answer: Introduction Australia is a country is a very big country. It is composed of people from diverse socio-cultural backgrounds such as the indigenous Aboriginal and the Torres Strait Islander people. Health disparity has been identified as a major issue facing the countrys healthcare system because the inequality and inequity in the distribution of health services is influenced by a number of socio-cultural factors. It is for this reason that there is a high prevalence of illnesses and mortality amongst the indigenous communities than the rest of the Australian society. However, the fact that this problem exists does not mean that it can be resolved. The Aboriginals and the Torres Islander people can still be helped if appropriate measures are taken. This paper presents an in-depth and critical analysis of the applications of digital storytelling in addressing the persistent problem of chronic illness amongst the Aboriginals and the Torres Islander people. The Prevalence of Chronic Illness amongst the Indigenous Communities in Australia Research has proven that there is a high prevalence of chronic illnesses such as diabetes amongst the indigenous communities than non-indigenous communities in Australia. Over the years, many Aboriginals and the Torres Islander people have been suffering from chronic illnesses. As a community, the indigenous people cannot be compared to their non-indigenous counterparts in many ways (Russell, 2013). The Aboriginals and the Torres Islander people have been exposed to a wide range of chronic illnesses because of their socio-cultural background. First and foremost, the indigenous communities are not economically-empowered. A large number of the indigenous people are not educated and employed. Meaning, they do not have the financial muscle to face the health challenges affecting them. Without a job, the people cannot afford quality healthcare services. Meaning, in case of any infection, they might not get access to the required medical interventions (Gajjar, Zwi, Hill Shannon, 2014). At the same time, failure to posses the right quality of education worsens the situation because it makes the indigenous people to be ignorant of the benefits of health care in their lives. Accessibility to healthcare services is a very important factor that determines the health condition of a community. Secondly, the Aboriginals and the Torres Islander people have a high prevalence of chronic illnesses because of their cultural beliefs. As a community, the indigenous people are known to be quite conservative and superstitious. The Aboriginals and the Torres Islander people still engage in certain cultural practices that expose them to chronic illnesses (Waugh, Donaldson, 2016). For example, the belief in the causes, symptoms, effects, and treatment of diseases has been hindering the community members from going to the hospital to seek for medical services. The community does this because according to their culture, modern health services are not appropriate and relevant to their needs (Donato Segal, 2013). However, this is an ill-informed decision because diseases like diabetes require life style changes, decisions that can only be effectively made and maintained through the support of healthcare providers. Finally, the Aboriginals and the Torres Islander people have a high prevalence of chronic illnesses because of their geographic location. As an indigenous people, the Aboriginals and the Torres Islander people live in the rural areas. These are remote places in which accessibility to healthcare services is hindered by the inadequacy of infrastructure (Mitrou, et al., 2014). Rural areas are known to be places with poor road networks and inadequate health facilities. The inadequacy of infrastructure has been negatively impacting on the community because it prevents them from getting the health services that they need at any given time (Gubhaju, et al., 2013). When people are located far from the health facilities, for instance, they cannot manage to get emergency healthcare services. This ca negatively affects the community because it will increase the rate of illnesses and mortality. The Effectiveness of Digital Storytelling amongst the Indigenous Communities in Australia The Aboriginals and the Torres Islander people are known to be the indigenous communities that have a unique set of problems. When compared to the rest of the Australian society, the Aboriginals and the Torres Islander people have been established to having a high rate of chronic illnesses. The high prevalence of chronic illnesses has adversely affected the community in many ways (Panaretto, Wenitong, Button Ring, 2014). Notably, the prevalence of chronic illnesses has resulted into economic loss. A lot of money has been used in the provision of healthcare services to the community (Brown, O'Shea, Mott, McBride, Lawson Jennings, 2015). Besides, the situation has affected the community socially. Meaning, it has caused suffering to the individual patients, family, and community members at large. The suffering endured by one member of the community is spread to their loved ones as well. Thus, chronic illness is not an individual, but communal problem. To address the persistent challenge of chronic illness amongst the indigenous communities, a large number of interventions can be applied. One of the strategies that can be of great contribution in the eradication of chronic illnesses in the community is the use of digital storytelling. Digital storytelling refers to the use of digital media to disseminate health information in the form of story (Hollis, Morriss, Martin, Amani, Cotton, Denis Lewis, 2015). In other words, it is a story that is shared through a digital media platform. An example of a digital narrative is Hows Your Sugar? Here, individuals get an opportunity to narrate their health stories and make it available to others to have access to it. A digital narrative can be designed to suit a wide range of audience (Gubrium, Hill Flicker, 2014). A person telling the story gets an opportunity to explain to the audience more information about their health experiences and how they have been dealing with a particular illness i n their lives. Hows Your Sugar? as a digital narrative is a flexible platform because it gives people an opportunity to use a wide range of methodologies while narrating their health story. It can be in the form of audio tape, still photos, or moving videos. This means that it is not a narrow platform, but a diverse media that can be used to access a large and diverse audience including those with ear or visual impairments. Whichever the design adopted, an individual uses the platform to simply tell the story regarding their health. It is therefore no doubt that digital narrative is a noble initiative that can work miracles (Sharma, 2016). If properly utilized, it can play a significant role in addressing various health challenges affecting a community or nation. Indeed, the use of Hows Your Sugar? has helped in transforming the lives of the Aboriginal and Torres Islander people. Since the establishment of this digital storytelling platform, a large number of Australians have gotten a chance to tell their stories. The website is like an informal arena in which ordinary people share their information. The stories told in the website are so strong because they are told by the patients who have, at one stage in their lives, faced a challenge highlighted in the story (Tones, Robinson Tilford, 2013). It benefits the storytellers by giving them a fulfillment that they need as individuals. The telling of story about illnesses facing a person can provide a relief because it removes the garbage from them. It is a form of treatment because it gives a partial solution to the problem (Hardy, 2015). A problem shared is half solved. Hows Your Sugar? has transformed the lives of the Aboriginal and the Torres Islander people because it has given them a chance to listen to powerful stories from other people. It has been equipping people with powerful stories that have been helping them to make important decisions regarding their health status. By learning from the stories that diabetes is a disease that can be managed, many people have decided to change their lifestyles and seek for medical attention the way it was done by the storytellers (Lupton, 2015). An inspiration story given by a patient is treated as a relevant testimony that should be emulated by others at all times. The stories in the website are good ones because they have lots of inspiration to the people. Therefore, it is recommended to visit the website and get information that is useful in the fight against chronic illnesses like diabetes (Casado, 2014). Hows Your Sugar? shares lots of similarities with the diabetesaustralia.com. In the first place, the two websites are used as storytelling platforms. Just like Hows Your Sugar? diabetesaustralia.com is used by patients who have been suffering from the disease on which the story is based. This implies that each of the two websites present stories that are recited from the perspective of the patients. The use of individual patients to present their own stories is more powerful than the use of experts because it appears to be inspirational (Lupton, 2015). The advantage of this strategy is that it is effective and appealing to audience. A story told by a person who has had a real experience is good because it is readily acceptable by the audience. The other similarity between Hows Your Sugar? and diabetesaustralia.com is that they provide a flexible platform for people to discuss about chronic illnesses. Although the stories are told from the perspective of the patients, enough room is created for the experts to chip in. the websites have allowed the storytellers to use still images of videos to tell their stories. This means that they are not restricted to one medium. The advantage of this strategy is that it increases the audience base for the stories because they can be accessed by different categories of audience including those with visual impairments (Gubrium, Hill Flicker, 2014). The provision of an informal story-telling platform has been encouraging people to courageously tell their stories and let other people learn from their experiences. This website deals in cancer. Just like the other websites, it gives patients an opportunity to share their cancer stories so as to inspire and give hope to other cancer patients. Conclusion In conclusion, the Aboriginals and the Torres Islander people are indigenous communities that have been facing lots of challenges in their pursuit for healthcare services. The indigenous communities get it challenging to access quality healthcare services because of their socio-cultural disadvantages. This justifies why the communities have a high prevalence of chronic illnesses such as diabetes. However, with the application of digital narrative, the problem of chronic illness is getting resolved. The use of Hows Your Sugar? has been instrumental because it created an accessible platform in which the patients freely interact with one another and get to share their personal stories. The website has positively contributed towards the eradication of chronic illnesses such as diabetes. For example, by using the platform people have managed to come out and boldly explain to others how they have been struggling with chronic diseases. The fact that these stories come from patients makes th e strategy to be quite appropriate in fighting chronic illnesses. A story from one patient can be relied upon as an inspiration to other people who might be facing a similar challenge. Therefore, by learning those similar conditions had been effectively managed and overcome by ordinary community members, individuals can be challenged not to give up, but to actively engage in treating it. The use of digital narrative is an appropriate strategy whose continued usage will positively contribute towards the eradication of chronic illness in Australia. The efforts of Hows Your Sugar? and diabetesaustralia.com have yielded lots of fruits. The strategy should therefore be encouraged because it will continue making positive impacts in the country. It is one way through which the government will help in reducing the disparities between the indigenous and non-indigenous communities in Australia. Many such digital narrative platforms should be created to address all the issues of health concern affecting not only the indigenous people, but all sections of the Australian society. It will be a sure way of attaining a universal health equity and equality in the country. References Brown, A., O'Shea, R.L., Mott, K., McBride, K.F., Lawson, T. Jennings, G.L., (2015). A strategy for translating evidence into policy and practice to close the gap-developing essential service standards for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cardiovascular care. Heart, Lung and Circulation, 24(2), pp.119-125. Casado, D. R. A. (2014). Narrative autonomy: three literary models of healthcare in the end of life. Cambridge quarterly of healthcare ethics: CQ: the international journal of healthcare ethics committees, 23(2), 200-208. Donato, R. Segal, L., (2013). Does Australia have the appropriate health reform agenda to close the gap in Indigenous health?. Australian Health Review, 37(2), pp.232-238. Gajjar, D., Zwi, A.B., Hill, P.S. Shannon, C., (2014). A case study in the use of evidence in a changing political context: an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health service re- examines practice models, governance and financing. Australian Health Review, 38(4), pp.383-386. Gubhaju, L., et al., (2013). The overall health and risk factor profile of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander participants from the 45 and up study. BMC public health, 13(1), p.1. Gubrium, A. C., Hill, A. L., Flicker, S. (2014). A situated practice of ethics for participatory visual and digital methods in public health research and practice: A focus on digital storytelling. American Journal of Public Health, 104(9), 1606-1614. Hardy, P. (2015, December). First do no harm: developing an ethical process of consent and release for digital storytelling in healthcare. In Seminar. Net: Media, Technology Life- Long Learning (Vol. 11, No. 3). Hollis, C., Morriss, R., Martin, J., Amani, S., Cotton, R., Denis, M., Lewis, S. (2015). Technological innovations in mental healthcare: harnessing the digital revolution. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 206(4), 263-265. Lupton, D. (2015). Health promotion in the digital era: a critical commentary. Health promotion international, 30(1), 174-183. Lupton, D. (2015). The pedagogy of disgust: the ethical, moral and political implications of using disgust in public health campaigns. Critical Public Health, 25(1), 4-14. Mitrou, F., et al., (2014). Gaps in Indigenous disadvantage not closing: a census cohort study of social determinants of health in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand from 19812006. BMC Public Health, 14(1), p.1. Panaretto, K. S., Wenitong, M., Button, S., Ring, I. T. (2014). Aboriginal community controlled health services: leading the way in primary care. Med J Aust, 200(11), 649-52. Russell, L.M. (2013). Reports indicate that changes are needed to close the gap for Indigenous health. Med J Aust, 199(11), pp.1-2. Sharma, M. (2016). Theoretical foundations of health education and health promotion. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Tones, K., Robinson, Y. K., Tilford, S. (2013). Health education: effectiveness and efficiency. London: Springer. Waugh, A., Donaldson, J. (2016). Students' perceptions of digital narratives of compassionate care. Nurse education in practice, 17, 22-29.

Electric Cars Essays (1562 words) - Green Vehicles,

Electric Cars Electric Cars History: Early electric vehicles may have appeared as early as 1830. Scottish inventor Robert Davidson constructed the world's first prototype electric vehicle in 1837, but historians generally credit J.K. Starley, an English inventor, and Fred M. Kimball of Boston with building the first practical electric cars in 1888. Later in the in the decade, William Morrison of Des Moines, Iowa, constructed his version of the electric vehicle in 1891. His vehicle required 24 storage battery cells, took 10 hours to charge, and could run for 13 hours. It could carry up to 12 people and had a 4-horsepower motor. His car could reach speeds up to 14 miles per hour. Morrison, however, never mass-produced his vehicle. The first commercially produced electric vehicle was the Electrobat. It was manufactured by Philadelphia-based Morris and Salom Company. In 1896, the Woods Motor Vehicle Company of Chicago became the first American manufacturer of electric cars. The Electrobat was one of several electric cars, which competed in a race sponsored by Illinois publisher H.H. Kohlsaat. He had challenged inventors to come up with a car that could travel the distance from Chicago to Evanston and back (58 miles). Electric cars and gas cars competed against each other in this competition. Although none of the cars performed in an especially notable manner, the electric cars failed miserably. It seemed that the slushy country roads generated a great deal of friction, which drained the strength of the batteries quickly. Shortly after the Kohlsaat race, Thomas Edison said he believed gasoline, not electricity, would provide the dominant power source for the automobile of the future. As it looks at the present, he said, it would seem more likely that (the cars) will be run by a gasoline or naphtha motor of some kind. It is quite possible. However, that an electric storage battery will be discovered which will prove more economical, but at the present the gasoline or naphtha motor looks more promising. It is only a question of a short time carriages and trucks in every large city will be run on motors. Thomas Edison seemed to predict the future. Even so, in 1904 one-third of all the cars in New York City, Chicago, and Boston were electrically powered. By 1912, there were 20,000 electric cars and 10,000 electric busses and trucks were on the road in the United States. Only a handful of manufactures, notably Baker and Detroit Electric, made it into the 1930's. Former President Woodrow Wilson owned one of the most elegant cars of the period, a 1918 Milburn Electric. In the 1960's and 1970's a handful of electric car manufactures started to reappear because of the increasing concern about air pollution and a depleting supplies of petroleum. In the late 1970's and 1980's, manufactures started developing electric cars called hybrids. These cars have all the components of the electric cars plus an internal-combustion engine. In the late 1980's, one of the most e technologically advanced electric cars was the Sunraycer, developed by General Motors Corporation. This experimental car used solar energy to recharge its batteries. More recently, in 1996, General Motors Corporation announced the first modern, mass-produced car designed specifically as an electric car. Also in 1996, the Honda Motor Company introduced another electric car, the first with nickel-metal hydride batteries, for sale in the United States. Italian automaker, Fiat, announced it will begin making vehicles with a new, standard-sized battery based on a European standard in 1996. Technological Concepts: An electric car has a battery and a controller, connected to the accelerator pedal, for directing the flow of electricity between the battery and motor. Most electric cars use lead-acid batteries, but new types of batteries, including zinc-chlorine, nickel metal hydride, and sodium-sulfur, are in the works. The motor of an electric car harnesses the battery's electrical energy by converting it to kinetic energy. Kinetic energy is the energy that makes the car move. The driver simply switches on the power, selects Forward or Reverse with another switch, and steps on the accelerator pedal. While the internal-combustion engine of a conventional car has many moving parts, an electric motor has only a single rotating element. Like a gasoline-powered car, an electric car has a system, called a power train, of

Franz Josef Haydn essays

Franz Josef Haydn essays Franz Josef Haydn was born on March 31 1732, in Rohrau, a village in Austria near the boarder of Hungary. Music was like an instinct for Franz Josef. During the evening Mathias (father) would play the harp, Elizabeth (mother) would sing, as the children sat at their feet and listened. Of these younger Haydns, Franz Josef was most affected by the music he heard, and most clearly showed musical ability. When his father discovered him one day, sitting outside the schoolhouse and pretended to play the violin by scraping two sticks of wood together, he wanted to give his boy the best music training as possible. So he got his relative, Johann Mathias Franklin, a choirmaster, who would teach the boy of six the violin and harpsichord. Hayden later recalled that he received more blows than victuals from his teacher. Haydn composed his first string quartet in 1755 on the encouragement of a musical amateur, von Furnberg who conducted chamber music performances at his home. At this time Hayden married Maria Anna Keller, daughter of a wig-maker. This was an ill-fated marriage. She was not interested in her husbands art, frequently using his manuscripts as curling papers. There were endless fights. The couple lived together several unhappy years, and then separated forever. Hayden supplied her with a generous income until the end of his life in 1809. The song that I listened to was symphony number 97 in C Major. It starts like it is a bad, dark place but then it changes into a light beautiful place. The song makes me feel happy and joy filled. It is really upbeat and it makes me think of summer and warm sunny days. Some parts get really soft and then they get low, alarming, and loud. My favorite part is in the ending when it goes real high then low then high again and then holds a long low note. I really enjoyed this song and I like dancing to it. ...

Understanding customers- analysing customers using mosaic Essay

Understanding customers- analysing customers using mosaic - Essay Example Understanding customers- analysing customers using mosaic It helps to increase customer loyalty and thereby thwarts customers from switching to the products offered by other companies. Mosaic UK is a useful tool utilised by many companies to develop their segmentation strategy based on the consumer classifications provided in the Mosaic profile system. First of all a detailed analysis of the Mosaic profile system developed by Experian plc is presented in this study. Next this study would include analysis of information reports prepared by Experian related to three retailers operating their business operations in United Kingdom. The customer profiling related to each of the three retailers would be compared to have an idea about its impact on the different marketing strategies followed by the organisations. Segmentation of customers is an important marketing strategy followed by the business organisations and its importance has also been included in this study. Next this report takes help of a case study for suggesting some consumer marketi ng ideas for some fashion retailers who might be interested to target a specific Mosaic Group. Experian plc has developed a system which helps in classification of the households in UK and has been named as Mosaic UK. It is a type of geo-demographic segmentation system which is available commercially. Consumer classification reports prepared through Mosaic UK are helpful in understanding the Behaviour, demographics and lifestyles followed by all the households and individuals present in UK. Understanding the consumer behaviour patterns in different parts of UK is critical to the success of any organisation because it helps the companies to develop products that best satisfy the particular needs and requirements of the customers. Mosaic UK is helpful to the organisations in three ways: The companies are able to increase the values of its customers through in-depth understanding of the behavioural patterns of their customers in UK The value of a particular location in which a company targets to sell its products is also increased through the development of proper marketing mix u sing information from Mosaic UK Mosaic UK is also helpful in assessing the risks associated with investing in a particular location in UK Thus Mosaic UK developed by Experian is thus an important tool to segment and classify consumers in UK based on various characterising features. The latest version of Mosaic UK that is available in the market now helps in classification of consumers present in UK into 67 different types which are spread over 15 distinct groups of people (Experian Mosaic, 2010). A brief overview of each of the 15 groups of people identified through Mosaic UK is given below: Group A: Alpha Territory – This type of group comprises of the most influential and wealthy individuals staying in UK. Group B: Professional Rewards – The managerial and executive classes of people are categorised in this group. Group C: Rural Solitude – This type of group includes people living in isolated cottages and small villages in UK. Group D: Small Town Diversity â⠂¬â€œ This type of group are classified as people living in small and medium sized towns in UK. Group E: Active Retirement – This group of people are aged over 65 years and are spending their

The Reglatory & Econ Envirnmnt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Reglatory & Econ Envirnmnt - Essay Example Gist includes supply chain services and management mainly in the UK (Lines of Business online). Being a capital-intensive business, BOC's profitability hinges on its sustained investment in technology to develop new products and services across all businesses and novel uses for existing products, as well as to design efficient methods for manufacturing industrial gases such that economies of scale could be achieved (Annual Report and Accounts 2005: Group Profile, 16; Annual Report and Accounts 2005: Risk Factors, 39). For example, for its PGS business segment, better plant reliability has led to a 16 per cent improvement in total revenue and an 11 per cent increase in total adjusted operating profit for the first half of 2006 (BOC Interim Report 2006, 2). Other than plant reliability, investment in new production facilities will also affect the profitability of PGS as such investments are critical in securing long-term supply contracts (Annual Report and Accounts 2005: Group Profile, 18). For the ISP business, BOC is planning the construction of a helium production plant in Au stralia. When completed, it will be only one of its kind in Australia (Annual Report and Accounts 2005: Group Profile, 20). This monopoly of the Australia market should be beneficial to profits. Furthermore, state-of-the-art technology to efficiently use power has delivered tremendous savings (Annual Report and Accounts 2005: Social, Environmental and Ethical Performance, 31). Technology can also be viewed from the perspective of its customers. Technological developments in industries where customers operate can increase the profitability of BOC. For example, success with major flat panel fabs in Korea has led to a soar in materials consumption and equipment demands, which brings about the strong vacuum equipment market share (Annual Report and Accounts 2005: Research, Development and Information Technology, 36; Merrill Lynch Chemicals Conference, 12). On the economic front, energy costs are particularly influential on profits, especially for PGS (BOC Interim Report 2006, 2) and ISP (BOC Interim Report 2006, 2). Domestic revenue depends on the manufacturing economy and pension costs (BOC Interim Report 2006, 2), while revenue and profit in the US and Canada hinges on demand from the oil and gas sector in the western region (BOC Interim Report 2006, 2). Exchange rate movements are also particularly influential on profitability (Annual Report and Accounts 2005: Operating Review, 40; BOC Interim Report 2006, 3) since BOC operates worldwide such as the UK, US, Europe, China, Asia, Australia, and Africa (Annual Report and Accounts 2005: Group Profile, 18; BOC Interim Report 2006, 2-3). Lastly, BOC is affected by the semiconductor business cycle as manufacturers in the semiconductor industry form the bulk of BOC Edwards' customer base, and BOC Edwards' profitability is directly influenced by the demand of these manufacturers for vacuum e quipment, services and industrial gases (Annual Report and Accounts 2005: Risk Factors, 38) There are many factors in the legal environment that are particularly influential on BOC's profitability. These factors include compliance with accounting, safety, health and environmental regulations and laws. They are discussed in the

Design Principles and Practice Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Design Principles and Practice - Coursework Example The infant is placed inside a jogging stroller and the runner can then push or pull the stroller to carry the weight of the infant. Other than running, the jogging stroller can also be used to transport infants over commutes because the strollers are safe by design and requirement. This report examines all major design principles and practices required to create an innovative jogging stroller. Pahl and Beitz model Market Research on Existing Devices Market research indicated that myriad companies are already manufacturing jogging strollers. The current models that are available are able to satisfy most customer requirements. Generally jogging strollers are three wheeled, vary in weight from manufacturer to manufacturer and could be foldable or fixed. (Jogging Stroller, 2011) Safety is mandatory. Seating capacity could be for one or two infants who are placed either inline or abreast on the jogging stroller as per design. Moreover, the wheels on jogging strollers are roughly 18 inches in diameter. Harnesses are also included so that the runner may tie themselves into the jogging stroller. (Luff, 2011) However, other models are available that can be pushed around. The handle bars are adjustable and storage bins have been provided to store infant accessories. (Running Advisor, 2011) Standard bare bones jogging strollers (one seat version on left and two seat version on right) Market Research from Potential Users In order to ascertain the requirements of potential users, I went to parks around the campus and interviewed parents using jogging strollers. This helped to precipitate both the good points and bad points in the jogging strollers. Most users related that the three wheel design was stable enough to prevent overturning. Wheel size is also acceptable at around 18 inches. In my survey I found only a very few jogging strollers with harnesses. Those who were using harnesses were not happy with their performance as the claimed that harnesses restricted use and ca used unwanted strain. Others who did not use harnesses said that they preferred to push jogging strollers around than become cart horses. This implies that as per aesthetics people prefer jogging strollers that can be pushed around. Moreover, when people were inquired about the appearance of the jogging stroller most people believed that the bare bones jogging strollers looked ugly. Most expressed a desire to purchase better looking models. Therefore, there exists a potential to sell a slightly expensive jogging stroller if it is made beautiful enough. The desire to have more aesthetically pleasing jogging strollers was most common amongst younger mothers (20 to 30 years old). The older mothers (30 and above) were mostly indifferent to how the jogging stroller looked. Market Research (British and European Union Standards) Under British regulations both new and used prams and push chairs must adhere to BS 7409:1996 or equivalently to BS EN 1888:2003 (equivalent European standard). Th is standard is largely concerned with safety of infants in the prams and push chairs category and sets guidelines for rollover and other similar incident prevention. Another applicable standard is BS 1877-10 which specifies the various kinds of mattresses and bumpers that are used in perambulators for children. The mattresses must allow for a certain degree of softness as well as ensure circulation of air to ensure that the child is comfortable even during long walks and runs under the sun. Another important device is the safety harness in use on push chairs which is covered by BS 6684. (BSI, 2005) Furthermore, the material used to construct children’