Case Study 2

Case Study 2 Springfield Express is a luxury passenger carrier in Texas. All seats are first class, and the following data are available: Number of seats per passenger train car 90 Average load factor (percentage of seats filled) 70% Average full passenger fare $ 160 Average variable cost per passenger $ 70 Fixed operating cost per month $3,150,000 Formula : Revenue = Units Sold * Unit priceContribution Margin = Revenue – All Variable Cost Contribution Margin Ratio = Contribution Margin/Selling Price Break Even Points in Units = (Total Fixed Costs + Target Profit )/Contribution Margin Break Even Points in Sales = (Total Fixed Costs + Target Profit )/Contribution Margin Ratio Margin of Safety = Revenue – Break Even Points in Sales Degree of Operating Leverage = Contribution Margin/Net Income Net Income = Revenue – Total Variable Cost – Total Fixed Cost Unit Product Cost using Absorption Cost = (Total Variable Cost + Total Fixed Cost)/# of units a. Contribu tion margin per passenger =$160 – $70 = $90Contribution margin ratio =$90/$160=56. 25% Break-even point in passengers = Fixed costs/Contribution Margin = $ 3,150,000/$90 Passengers =35,000 Break-even point in dollars = Fixed Costs/Contribution Margin Ratio = $ 3,150,000/56. 25% $ 5,600,000 b. Compute # of seats per train car (remember load factor? )= 90 * 70% = 63 Seats filled Compute # of train cars (rounded) = 35,000/63 = 556 train cars filled c. Contribution margin = $190 – $70 = $120 Break-even point in passengers = fixed costs/ contribution margin =$ 3,150,000/$120 Passengers = 26,250 BE = 90 seats *60% = 54Train cars (rounded) = 26,250/54 = 486 d. Contribution margin = $190 – $90 = $70 Break-even point in passengers = Fixed costs/Contribution Margin = $ 3,150,000/$70 Passengers =45,000 BE = 90 seats *70% = 63 Train cars (rounded) = 45,000/63 = 714 e. Contribution margin = $205 – $85 = $120 (P = Passengers) Sales205*P Variable Exp. 085*P Contribution M. 120*P Fixed Exp. 3,600,000 PretaxX Tax Exp. :X*30% Net Income Op. 750,000 750,000 = X – 0. 3X (X (1 – 0. 3) => 750,000/(1-0. 3) = X X=$ 1,071,428. 57 (Pre-Tax) $ 1,071,429= 120P – $ 3,600,000 => $ 1,071,429 + $ 3,600,000= 120P => 4,671,429/120= P P =38,928 f. Contribution margin = $120 – $70 = $50 # of discounted seats = 90*70%; 90*80% ( Difference is 10%; 90*10% = 9 Seats Contribution margin for discounted fares X #discounted seats = $50 * 9 Seats = $450 50 Train *$ 450 train cars per day * 30 days per month= $675,000 $ 675,000 (-) $ 180,000 additional fixed costs = $495,000 pretax income. g. 1. Compute Contribution margin Route 1 Route2 Overall Mix Sales160*P175*P335 *p Variable Exp. 070*P070*P140 *p Contribution M. 090*P105*P195 *P Route 1 Contribution Margin Ratio =$90/$160=56. 5% Route 2 Contribution Margin Ratio =$105/$175=60% Overall Contribution Margin Ratio =$195/$335=58. 20% Answer: Yes, it should, because the CMR is greater with the two rou tes. 2. BE = 90 * 60% = 54 Seats filled Contribution margin = $175 – $70 = $105 (P = Passengers) Sales175*P (54 Seats) Variable Exp. 070*P Contribution M. 105*P Fixed Exp. 3,150,000+250,000=3,400,000 Pretax120,000 120,000 = (105P*(54 Seats)) – 3,400,000 => 3,520,000 = 5,670P => 3,520,000/5,670 = P P=621 621/54 =12 train cars 3. Contribution margin = $175 – $70 = $105 BE = 90 seats *75% = 68Contribution margin = $175 – $70 = $105 (P = Passengers) Sales175*P (68 Seats) Variable Exp. 070*P Contribution M. 105*P Fixed Exp. 3,150,000+250,000=3,400,000 Pretax120,000 120,000 = (105P*(68 Seats)) – 3,400,000 => 3,520,000 = 7,140P => 3,520,000/7,140= P P=493 493/68 = 7 train cars 4. Springfield should consider Qualitative factors such as: (1) effect on employee morale, schedules and other internal elements; (2) relationships with and commitments to older and new suppliers; (3) effect on present and future customers; and (4) long-term future effect on profita bility and new businesses. Case Study 2 Chapter 2 Case Study Summary 1: 21-year old woman that has had type 1 diabetes for the past 8 years, was brought to the hospital in a coma. She was prescribed to take 92 units of insulin a day to maintain her sugar levels within normal limits and prevent excess sugar in her urine. Upon admission she was hypontensive, tachycardic and hyperventilating.Her labs show she is acidonic, arterial blood carbon dioxide levels were low, blood oxygen tension is normal, bicarbonate levels are really low indicating metabolic acidosis, low sodium levels, slightly high level of potassium, Chloride level is on the low end of normal, very high levels of blood urea and nitrogen, total carbon dioxide levels are really low, extremely high sugar levels and high creatinine levels. She tested positive for ketones. She recieved 8 units of regular insulin through an IV and 8 units per hour by IV infusion pump.Her blood sugar levels began to drop at about 100 mg/dL each hour. After seven hours her breathing an d pH went back to normal, following an injection of intravenous sodium bicarbonate to raise her pH and vigorous IV fluids and electrolyte replacement. 1. It seems her type 1 diabetes is uncontrolled. As her body could not use the sugar and there is not enough insulin, fat was used for fuel instead. During fat breakdown, byproducts called ketones are developed. Ketone bodies are acidic and dangerous when it build up in the body causing all her symptoms upon admission. . Yes, her pH levels became normal. Meaning her bicarbonate levels increased to compensate for the increased hydrogen proton levels in her blood. 3. When the body uses fat for energy instead of sugar, the body creates a byproduct called ketones. Since this is a byproduct, it flows through the renal system waiting to be expelled from the body. Normally, the existence of ketone bodies are detected through a urine sample. 4. The potassium results were high which can indicate some problem with her kidneys. 5.The low sodium results are based on the fact that sodiums job in the body is to keep proper acid-base equilibrium (homeostasis). Sodium has alkaline properties so if the levels are low the acid levels will be higher. 6. Diabetes can affect normal control of BP and can cause damage to the nerves supplying the blood vessels. When the blood pressure lowers the glomerular filtration rate decreases. 7. Anion gap measures of anions in the arterial blood. Anion gap equals chloride plus bicarbonate minus sodium Na-(Cl + HCO3-).The patient has a anion gap of 30. Normal levels are 7 to 16. 8. Osmolality measures the concentration of all chemical particles found in the fluid part of blood. Normal values range from 275 to 295. The patient has a osmolality of 351. 1 Summary 2: 14 year old boy that was never vaccinated against poliomyelitis got the disease late summer. He was hospitalized and needed a respirator during the severity of the illness. Once he began to recover, they took him off the respirator with no apparent effects. Days later a blood analysis revealed the following. H level is slightly acidic, carbon dioxide levels are high and indicate some respiratory acidosis, blood oxygen level is low, bicarbonate level is high, sodium levels are normal, potassium is normal, chloride level is slightly low, and total carbon dioxide levels are high. 1. It seems the patient has respiratory acidosis. Production of carbon dioxide occurs fast and the failure of proper ventilated increases the CO2 in the blood. 2. Buffers are normal compensatory mechanisms to respond to the acidosis. 3.Yes, the HCO3 (bicarbonate) test is elevated and bicarbonate is a buffer. 4. Acute respiratory acidosis is when a abrupt failure of ventilation occurs. Chronic respiratory acidosis may be secondary to many disorders. 5. Total CO2 measures the serum bicarbonate and available forms of carbon dioxide. Bicarbonate takes up about 95% of the total. They take the bicarbonate measurements by the sample of the venous bl ood and arterial blood gas analysis. 6. Chloride levels are slightly lower due to respiratory muscle weakness. Case Study 2 Chapter 2 Case Study Summary 1: 21-year old woman that has had type 1 diabetes for the past 8 years, was brought to the hospital in a coma. She was prescribed to take 92 units of insulin a day to maintain her sugar levels within normal limits and prevent excess sugar in her urine. Upon admission she was hypontensive, tachycardic and hyperventilating.Her labs show she is acidonic, arterial blood carbon dioxide levels were low, blood oxygen tension is normal, bicarbonate levels are really low indicating metabolic acidosis, low sodium levels, slightly high level of potassium, Chloride level is on the low end of normal, very high levels of blood urea and nitrogen, total carbon dioxide levels are really low, extremely high sugar levels and high creatinine levels. She tested positive for ketones. She recieved 8 units of regular insulin through an IV and 8 units per hour by IV infusion pump.Her blood sugar levels began to drop at about 100 mg/dL each hour. After seven hours her breathing an d pH went back to normal, following an injection of intravenous sodium bicarbonate to raise her pH and vigorous IV fluids and electrolyte replacement. 1. It seems her type 1 diabetes is uncontrolled. As her body could not use the sugar and there is not enough insulin, fat was used for fuel instead. During fat breakdown, byproducts called ketones are developed. Ketone bodies are acidic and dangerous when it build up in the body causing all her symptoms upon admission. . Yes, her pH levels became normal. Meaning her bicarbonate levels increased to compensate for the increased hydrogen proton levels in her blood. 3. When the body uses fat for energy instead of sugar, the body creates a byproduct called ketones. Since this is a byproduct, it flows through the renal system waiting to be expelled from the body. Normally, the existence of ketone bodies are detected through a urine sample. 4. The potassium results were high which can indicate some problem with her kidneys. 5.The low sodium results are based on the fact that sodiums job in the body is to keep proper acid-base equilibrium (homeostasis). Sodium has alkaline properties so if the levels are low the acid levels will be higher. 6. Diabetes can affect normal control of BP and can cause damage to the nerves supplying the blood vessels. When the blood pressure lowers the glomerular filtration rate decreases. 7. Anion gap measures of anions in the arterial blood. Anion gap equals chloride plus bicarbonate minus sodium Na-(Cl + HCO3-).The patient has a anion gap of 30. Normal levels are 7 to 16. 8. Osmolality measures the concentration of all chemical particles found in the fluid part of blood. Normal values range from 275 to 295. The patient has a osmolality of 351. 1 Summary 2: 14 year old boy that was never vaccinated against poliomyelitis got the disease late summer. He was hospitalized and needed a respirator during the severity of the illness. Once he began to recover, they took him off the respirator with no apparent effects. Days later a blood analysis revealed the following. H level is slightly acidic, carbon dioxide levels are high and indicate some respiratory acidosis, blood oxygen level is low, bicarbonate level is high, sodium levels are normal, potassium is normal, chloride level is slightly low, and total carbon dioxide levels are high. 1. It seems the patient has respiratory acidosis. Production of carbon dioxide occurs fast and the failure of proper ventilated increases the CO2 in the blood. 2. Buffers are normal compensatory mechanisms to respond to the acidosis. 3.Yes, the HCO3 (bicarbonate) test is elevated and bicarbonate is a buffer. 4. Acute respiratory acidosis is when a abrupt failure of ventilation occurs. Chronic respiratory acidosis may be secondary to many disorders. 5. Total CO2 measures the serum bicarbonate and available forms of carbon dioxide. Bicarbonate takes up about 95% of the total. They take the bicarbonate measurements by the sample of the venous bl ood and arterial blood gas analysis. 6. Chloride levels are slightly lower due to respiratory muscle weakness.

Religion, Poverty and Wealth Essay

Describe how followers of this religion may put their ideas into practice. Helping others is a big part of being a Christian, because of the importance of the commandment â€Å"Love thy neighbour†. Since the 19th Century, Christians have been setting up homes for the poor and needy. However recently there has been an increase in awareness of poorer people, putting more pressure on people to help others. A very popular way of helping others is by setting up, and giving to charities. There are many different charities, both Christian and non-Christian, which offer a wide range of help. The Church of England Children’s Society helps to better the lives of underprivileged children; The Hospice Movement aims to help the dying spend their last days in a loving, caring environment; the L’Arche Community helps disabled people. Christian Aid is one of the most famous Christian charities. It was set up in Britain and Ireland at the end of the Second World War, with its main aims being to improve the quality of peoples lives, particularly those of refugees who were struggling to cope with the aftermath of World War II. It also funded Churches to help repair damage caused by the war. Gradually over time, the work of Christian Aid began to involve other countries around the world. It now has an income of approximately à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½40 million a year, and there are forty churches in the United Kingdom and Ireland who are a part of Christian Aid. Most of the money, which they make through door-to-door collections and donations from members of the public and various churches, is put towards development work to help people in the long term. Another famous charitable organisation is The Samaritans. The Samaritans was set up in 1953 when Chad Varah, a priest, was horrified to find out that three suicides took place every day in London. He believed that the best way to help someone who was contemplating committing suicide was to talk to them. So he set up a phone in his church and advertised that people could phone for helpful advice if they were feeling suicidal. Today The Samaritans speak to 2 250 000 people a year. Aside from charities, many Christians feel that they should give a small percentage of their wages to help the less fortunate. Sir John Templeton grew up in a poor family on a farm in Tennessee. He was educated at both Yale and Oxford University, after which he became a financial consultant in New York. Throughout his life he gave 10% of his earnings to help the poor (a process called ‘tithing’). Eventually he became very wealthy running a multimillion dollar investment company, where he successfully managed funds for over two million people worldwide. In 1972 he started the Templeton prize to be awarded for progress in religion, which is worth more money than the Nobel Peace Prize. Fifteen years later he was knighted for ‘services to philanthropy’. In 1992, he sold his investment company for a colossal $400 million. He still gives money to support projects around the world which further understanding of spirituality and the importance of the human character. George Macleod felt so strongly about helping others that, in 1938, he formed a Christian Community on Iona, an island off of Scotland. He found volunteers to learn building, stone masonry and carpentry skills and together they rebuilt Iona’s ruined abbey. After that he opened a centre to provide shelter for young people from across the world, and to allow them to live in a close community. The people of the community feel it is more important to live like this and share everything than to be rich and not live as closely. They take it in turns to cook, clean, garden and work away. When they are not working, they pray. This is very similar to the ideas expressed by Jesus according to the Bible. The first Christians followed Jesus’ teachings very closely. â€Å"All the believers were together and had everything in common. Selling their possessions and goods, they gave to anyone as he had need.† Not only are there many passages in the Bible that tell Christians how to treat the poor, there are also some in the Old Testament. â€Å"Share your food with the hungry and open your homes to the homeless poor. Give clothes to those who have nothing to wear.† Isaiah 58:6-8 Another example of how Christians helped the poor was the Liberation Theology movement. This started in the late 1960’s when the poorer inhabitants of South American countries decided that they didn’t want to be exploited any more. They made a decision to stand against the corrupt governments, with inspiration from the words of Jesus: â€Å"The Spirit of the Lord is upon me for he has appointed me to preach good news to the poor.† The Christian followers of Liberation Theology try to fight out against poverty, lack of human rights and the exploitation of certain peoples. Many Priests, especially Oscar Romero, involved in this endanger their lives by speaking out against their government. Romero knew he was in danger, but felt that it was his Christian duty to fight against oppression and injustice. He was shot dead in March 1980 whilst conducting mass. In South America, many people see him as a great martyr. The Catechism of the Catholic Church states: â€Å"God blesses those who come to the aid of the poor and rebukes those who turn away from them.† All Christians feel it is their duty to God to help the poor and needy, and to be kind to those who need their kindness.

Functional Status Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Functional Status - Assignment Example Patient’s history is needed when assessing and interviewing patients, because they could be characteristics that might interfere with the assessment. When interviewing, the clinician should be aware of the patient’s daily concerns and ask specific questions. This rapport helps the clinician and patient communicate effectively. Medical history is another area clinicians should ask elderly patients questions regarding their physical nature. For example, eyes, mouth, ears, throat, chest, neck, musculoskeletal back pains, and neurologic. Regarding drug use history, the history has to be recorded, and the elderly counseled in order to stop the habit. For example, tobacco and alcohol abuse (Besdine, 2013). Physical examination is something clinicians have to observe critically because it tells a lot about elderly patients, for example vital signs such as heart rate, skin color, and abnormalities within the body (Bickley, 2013). The process of reasoning is what all clinicians go through, and they differ broadly in terms of personal style, training, communication skills, and experience (Bickley, 2013). Clinical reasoning involves developing, testing hypotheses and establishing working diagnosis. Besdine, R. W. ( 2013). Evaluation of the elderly patient. Retrieved Dec 30, 2014 from

Normal Branding Theory - Promoting Brand Identity Essay

Normal Branding Theory - Promoting Brand Identity - Essay Example The behavioural mannerisms of the audiences, both primary and secondary are significant since these shape up the sale of these brands or as exclusively one can state, the marketing of the same. (Jackson, 2004) Brands have overtaken the retail units by storm. They seem to be everywhere. One brand is ‘in’ today and it might just be replaced or cannibalized by its smaller unit every other week. This means that there is a lot of diversification which is taking place and if seen from the competitive standpoint, this is something that boosts competition and gives rise to a healthy one. (Keller, 2003) But then again, there are drawbacks in such a situation. Since how many brands can remain in the awareness set of the consumer that the brand is actually hitting upon? The answer to this is not only confusing but also perplexing to state the least. (Faust, 1994) Further, Douglas (2004) has asserted the way in which brands have attained the position of icons on their own due right and place. They have outsmarted the manner in which other brands are perceived and this is a significant basis for their long-term success within the relevant markets nonetheless. The normal branding theory thus speaks of the ways through which brands are propagated across a number of different channels and whether these communicate the essence of the product in entirety or otherwise. The proliferation of brands in a tremendous amount is a tantamount to serious market activity and shuffling in of brands at a breakneck speed which is all the more pleasing for the market indicators and the business as a whole. The manner in which this proliferation has come about has brought serious and grave concerns on the minds of the people who are in charge of running the whole show but then again it is in direct proportion with the supply and demand theory which we discuss in the coming lines. (Brache, 2007) Brands offer some sort of value to a particular set of audience and it is up to the brand manager and his team that this audience is narrowed down as far as possible.  Ã‚  

Group reference Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Group reference - Essay Example Social networking is also a very large method for companies to promote their products since people in group-oriented cultures value the wisdom that social networking sites and blogs can provide. It is an effective method of promoting word of mouth since Chapter 11 described this as a very important element of changing or improving buyer behavior. It has influence on 2/3 of all sales and therefore should be recognized as providing excellent marketing and advertising opportunities for many businesses in the UAE. The Internet is widely used in this country and provides a forum for success. When comparing the readings from the two chapters about social stratification and buyer behavior related to reference groups, Carrefour and Lulu hypermarkets have mixed results in terms of self-promotion and the forums where they advertise. Ameinfo.com (2000) identifies that these firms are often reluctant to address different media sources about their business strategies and success. This makes it di fficult to predict the type of strategic focus that these hypermarkets have and how they will change buyer attitudes especially when they are seeking information from knowledge sources of power. The UAE has very group-oriented values and therefore rely on reference groups to help them make product decisions. Unlike other countries such as the United States and the UK that actively use media press releases to promote their products and business strategies, these hypermarkets are not taking advantage of the word of mouth potential that such media sources provide. Therefore, in the UAE, in relation to the hypermarket concept stores, certain social classes must rely on their own experiences to decide whether to continue to patronize the stores. This is a limitation for the hypermarkets in many ways for not taking advantage of the advantages of media sources. At the same time, the social class status of buyers is mixed in the UAE and makes it difficult to target them. There are four dist inct social classes of buyers in the UAE: Those with immense wealth and political power, the business class, the middle class with moderate income levels, and lower-income households who work in service industries (Omair, 2010, p.123). With such a mixed variety of consumers, it would be necessary to understand whether social mobility is occurring through infrastructure development or jobs creation to determine whether buying attitudes and behaviors would change over the long-term. This again makes it difficult for the hypermarkets to promote their products effectively and develop a long-term strategy for marketing success. The UAE is also experiencing a recession much like the rest of the globe and global commodity prices are increasing. To combat this, the UAE is fixing the prices at the political level for different food products and other household products as a short-term strategy to prevent inflation (a1saudiarabia.com, 2011). This is going to impact the buying behavior of many different social classes at a time when value and pricing are considerable motivators for buying behavior. These efforts are being done in an environment that will directly impact the hypermarket stores of Carrefour and Lulu since this is the bulk of their total product variety. Pricing will definitely

Italy Country Profile Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Italy Country Profile - Assignment Example . . Italy is a magic. Explore it† (â€Å"Beautiful Italy,† n.d.). With this notion, it can be perceived that Italy must be a paragon of a paradise in the contemporary perspective. The concept of this paper has been created as to depict the PEST-C aspects of the country, including the Hofstede's perspectives of analyzing the culture of Italy as compared to Canada, and depicting the feasible business venture in the country. Lastly, a conclusive remark will be inscribed. 2. PEST-C Aspects Political/Legal. When it comes to dealing with weak pecuniary locus of the country, Italy has announced to cut its budget amounting to â‚ ¬26bn from the period span 2012-14. In accordance with the Transparency International’s Corruption Perception Index 2011, the country is placed at 69th among 183 nations (â€Å"Italy Country Profile,† 2012, p. 4). In the context of European Union, Italy is deemed as having the highest aggregate tax rate. In accordance with Paying Taxes 2 012, the nation’s aggregate tax rate was 68.5%, which is notably above the average of EU of 43.4%. Such taxes may comprise of profit and labor impositions. Dismally, the nation’s aggregate piracy rate is 49% that has eventuated to procure detrimental losses of â‚ ¬1.87bn; such piracy issues are associated to business and entertainment softwares (â€Å"Italy Country Profile,† 2012, p. 5). ... Furthermore, non-performing loans, such as substandard, restructured, bad, and past-due loans. In accordance with the International Monetary Fund, these loans have incremented to 11% in 2011 from about 6% in 2008. The debt turmoil has become the triggering factor for organizations to be exposed to short-term debts, which are dependent to the lending institutions. Otherwise stated, organizations are doomed to fail because of the potential risks of high interest rates and be liquidated. The worst case is that forty percent of these organizations are exposed to interest rates that are payable within a period of less than twelve months (â€Å"Italy Country Profile,† 2012, pp. 4-5). Social/Cultural. It is significant to consider the demographic profile of a country when it comes to depicting the generality of its social aspects. Therein, cultural aspects will be delved as well in the light of fathoming the demographic facets. In accordance with the CIA World Factbook, the average l ife expectancy of Italy last 2012 was at 81.86 years--comprising of men ages 79.24 years and women 84.63 years (â€Å"Italy Country Profile, 2012, p. 5). That record is notably one of the highest in the world. In the light of macroeconomics, the nation’s aggregate workforce is mitigating (â€Å"Country Intelligence: Italy,† 2012, p. 16) and such a situation will deem as detrimental. In fact, Italy’s unemployment rate was about 8.40% in 2011, which was considerably higher than that of the developed countries. This implicates that Italy’s work environment may be the cause of weakening social aspects that will lead to impact the economy of the country. As a matter of fact, Italy’s employment rate of 56.9% was lower compared to that of the EU average of 64.2% (â€Å"Italy

How telecommunication has shaped the work place Assignment

How telecommunication has shaped the work place - Assignment Example Other pertinent information contained in the white paper could be cited as an authoritative source backed by statistical information and encompasses different organizations on a global sphere. The annual report published by Deloitte presented crucial information regarding three significant drivers of change in the global setting: technology, media and telecommunications. From among the noted predictions under telecommunications include: (1) the preponderance of $100 smartphones; (2) technological devise with near field communications (NFC) capabilities would double in growth; (3) web bypass would predominate emphasizing visual connectivity without the need for Internet access; among others. The information contained herein is relevant in the current research in terms of clearly identifying future trends which have significant impacts in the work setting through its impact on current telecommunications resources used by contemporary global organizations; as well as the need to adapt, adjust, and upgrade, as identified. The authors aimed to determine the impact of smartphones in the health care work settings by initially providing an overview of the development of smartphones. Likewise, the authors expounded on assessing how smartphones were instrumental in transforming the work setting in health institutions through the various applications that were initially offered and which caters to the health care environment. The apparent distraction from tasks were closely examined through a SWOT analysis. The findings revealed some detailed guidelines and best practices to monitor and control the use of smartphones and ensure their beneficial applications within the health care setting. This article is useful in the current study particularly in identifying how a telecommunications application, through the smartphone, has significantly affected and shaped the

City of Atlanta Water Quality Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

City of Atlanta Water Quality Report - Essay Example Microbial contaminants can come from sewage treatment plants, livestock, and wildlife. Inorganic contaminants are salts and metals and can be naturally occurring in soil and river beds. Organic chemicals can be synthetic and volatile and are by-products of industrial processes and petroleum production (http://www.atlantawatershed.org/pdf/WQR2009.pdf). They can also come from gas stations or septic systems. The EPA has strict guidelines regarding pollutants in water, the food and drug administration provides guidelines for bottled water that is sold to citizens. The main source of the Atlanta water supply is the Chattahoochee River, providing 75 % of the drinking water, processed by two water plants. Total coliform detected in the water supply was 1.4 % in 2009. The detected level of turbidity was 0.4 %, both of these are within acceptable range and likely explained as naturally occurring. Turbidity was found in 100% of samples, probably a result of runoff. Turbidity is the cloudiness of the water or unsettling of sediment. Both copper and lead were well below the threshold of the action level, which is when this contaminant would require some further treatment. Chlorine and fluoride are additives and within their respective proper ranges of detection. Organic contaminants noted were likely the byproduct of drinking water and naturally occurring. Water pollution of unacceptable adulterants do not appear to be a problem with Atlanta and they have consistently been well within limits. The Atlanta regional commission and the Metropolitan North Georgia water planning district both sponsor and collaborate for the ‘Clean Water Campaign’ which focuses on public education and the negative effects of soil runoff and water pollution (http://www.atlantaregional.com/environment/water/clean-water-campaign). It is estimated that over a thousand stream miles are in Atlanta violate state standards.

Development and social enterprise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Development and social enterprise - Essay Example Each group member, as expected in a group, has been deeply involved in the presentation in order to achieve the level of success exhibited. This assignment therefore, discusses the group formation process and the roles of the members (mine, particularly) in the presentation with regard to Bion’s theories on the functionality of a group. My central in the group is to ensure that my expertise in children development is adhered among the goals and misiion of the social enterprice. I played a significant part in ensuring that bringining up of the children in sports is in accordance to ethical and physical growth development of children. As a professional I am aware that children have different developmental thus I was able to help the group formulate policies that work in-line with ethical standards. In order to remain sustainable, I had to come up with programs and schedules that guide the organization on how to handle children since children have different modes of care as compared to adults. According to Bions theory, groups should operate in two under two strictly contrasting manner. He called these work group and basic funationing and mentality. As a professional I was able to guide the group on the possible ways of imporving the true feeling of the children towards dances and various activities. Children have different modes of taking cognitive skills thus, with reference to Bion, I was able to develop frameworks that helps in the group in basic functioning. I started showing my interest in leading the group even before its formation owing to the fact that I took the initiative of soliciting the other three members. The member selection process was based on the familiarity and friendship. I chose the bases for the reason that it is easier to deal with friends than strangers in matters such as those involved in a group or teamwork for that matter. The forming stage of our group

Skype Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Skype - Essay Example right blend of a sound business vision and an exclusive access to the relevant technologies will dominate the economies in the times to come (Amor 2008: p.4). Since, in today’s info savvy world, every financial venture has a technological aspect associated with it, therefore the converse is also true. That is, every innovative technology has a commercial value associated with it, the right and timely exploitation of which can work wonders for a business. Skype is one such e-business that is based on the exploitation of the synergies existing between business and technology. Skype was founded by Niklas Zennstrom and Janus Friis in the year 2003 (Skype 2009). The ingenuity of Skype lied in inventing software that enabled its customers to make telephone calls via internet, anywhere in the world by paying a reasonable fee. Besides this, Skype offered additional features as file transfer, instant messaging and video conferencing. Thus Skype represented the long awaited convergence between the regular telephonic technology and the internet, which offered both the features of a regular telephone and the internet assisted communication. The headquarters of Skype are based at Luxembourg, with supporting administrative and software development facilities scattered all across the world. The USP of Skype lies in offering economical voice and video calls by means of voice over internet protocol (VoIP) (Ravindran 2008). Over the time, the accessibility of Skype has been extended to both the landline and cellular phones (Ravindran 2008). According to Chris Lewis, the head of strategy at Skype, right now Skype is vowing reputed hardware manufacturers like Nokia so as to expand the range of platforms from which their services can be accessed (Ravindran 2008). The ultimate cherry over the cake is that at Skype, Skype-to-Skype calls are offered for free (Ravindran 2008). It is not so with other VoIP providers. Thus this prerogative allows the businesses and individuals to save

Management Concepts Temasek Holdings Essay Example for Free

Management Concepts Temasek Holdings Essay 1.0 Introduction Temasek Holdings is a large investment company based in Singapore. It is an active participator in the investment game, holding shares and investments in a broad range of industries all over the world. As with many companies all over the world, Temasek Holdings was affected strongly by the Global Financial Crisis, losing more than 30 per cent of the value of their portfolio (Schmermerhorn, J. Davidson, P. Poole, D. Simon, A. Woods, P Chau, S.L. 2011). Temasek’s CEO Ho Ching has been criticised for the investment losses that occurred during the economic crisis, and must now lead the company through the increased turbulence that has been presented to them. In doing so, a potential issue that Temasek Holdings is currently facing is one of leadership. If correct management processes regarding leadership are not applied, the company could face even worse consequences. To ensure that leadership does not become an issue, Ho Ching must apply effective leadership techniques to Temasek Holdings. This report will investigate various leadership options, determining an adequate approach to leadership that will assist this company in being successful in the future. Two leadership models will be assessed in-depth. It is expected that both will assist the company in continuing in the long-term, however one option will be more suitable and beneficial to Temasek Holdings. 2.0 Literature Themes or Arguments As Temasek’s CEO has recently come under fire for her stability in leadership, it is apparent that a change must be made in the way the company is managed if they are to successfully remain with the same CEO. Leadership is fundamental in regular circumstances, but it is even more essential to the business through periods of instability, making it vitally important to the livelihood of the company to apply appropriate management procedures. It is impossible for a set of specific characteristics to define whether or not someone is a good leader, however some certain personal traits have been identified as being common among successful leaders: drive, self-confidence, creativity, cognitive ability, business knowledge, motivation, flexibility, honesty and integrity. (Schmermerhorn, J. Et al. 2011). Vision and power are also vital to good leadership; however all of these things are not achieved in the same way. Many different behavioural theories have been produced in an attempt to define good leadership styles. A widely used model of management is Fred Fiedler’s contingency model. Fiedler’s theory looks at matching various types of people to various situations, somewhat of an either/or concept. It is based on the fact that someone’s style of leadership is personality-based, thus making it difficult to change. Rather, the Fiedler model suggests putting people of specific leadership styles with situations that match that style, rather than trying to change their personal leadership style, to achieve success (Wang, Victor C X; Berger, Jim 2010, pg. 6). Fiedler classifies people into two leadership styles: relations-orientated and task-orientated. Relations-orientated people are defined as â€Å"a person who is motivated to seek prominence in interpersonal relations, who is concerned with good relations with others, who is considerate in his interaction with group members, and who tends to reduce anxiety and increase the personal adjustment of his co-workers,† (Hill, Walter. 1969, pg. 34) whereas a task-orientated person is characterised to be someone who â€Å"rejects those with whom he cannot work, and obtains need gratification and self-esteem from performance of the task. He is, therefore, concerned with performing the task and he is willing to relegate interpersonal relations to a secondary position† (Hill, Walter. 1969, pg. 35) Exhibit I (Hill, Walter. 1969, pg. 36) above shows how relations-oriented and task-oriented people are determined, through leader-member relationships, leader position power and task structure. It does this by determining how well a person interacts with people (relations) and how dedicated they are to tasks. According to Hill (1969), this model is effective and further tests done corroborate with Fiedler’s findings, making it an accurate model. Hill noted that there are so many variables that sometimes it is difficult to calculate the exact leadership style that is appropriate for someone; however it is useful as it helps to assign leaders to specific tasks and delegate how efficient leadership should be achieved. In regards to Temasek, it should be established what â€Å"type† of leader Ching is, and the company would need to work with that before any leadership goals should be established. Another common model is the Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership Theory (SLT). It is widely used in the business sector and was developed by Paul Hersey and Kenneth H. Blanchard. This model is based upon leaders adjusting their styles based on the maturity of their followers, which is indicated by the â€Å"readiness† (how able and willing or confident) of followers (Schmermerhorn, J. Et al. 2011). When maturity (psychologically and performance-wise) is reached, it means a reduction in support and guidance can occur, instilling a positive indication of trust and confidence. A manager must look at employees and evaluate how best to perform a certain task in a certain situation, and when the situation changes, the leadership style previously used may not be as successful in the new situation (Hambleton, Ronald K; Gumpert, Ray. 1982, pg 227). Again, leadership styles are defined as relationship-orientated and task-orientated, however in this model leadership styles are classified into four groups: delegating, participating, selling and telling. This model is beneficial to companies as it has various different types of stages based on top of the classification of relations-orientated and task-orientated leadership (Figure 1). It breaks down the two types further, into the four types above, thus making it easier to classify. Again, however, variables come into play, and it can be seen from various research that the SLT model does have its limitations. Goodson (1989) states that when further studies have been conducted on this model, the main classifier of groups (â€Å"maturity† or competence) makes almost no difference to the leadership style of a person (Goodson, Jane R; McGee, Gail W; Cashman, James F. 1989, pg. 446). Also, Goodson established that in these tests no actual measure of maturity and/or readiness was really possible when conducting research on the SLT model, making it difficult to say for certain whether the model can be effective. Furthermore, Blank (1990) makes further reference to the fact that there is little to no research supporting this model in his studies, saying that both basing the research on the main factor (maturity) as well as more complex methods, little support was found to corroborate with the main theorems of the model (Blank, Warren; Weitzel, John R; Green, Stephen G. 1990, pg. 579). false 3.0 Recommendations In the case of Temasek Holdings, it can be said that adopting a new leadership approach will be entirely beneficial for the company. No information is given as to what current leadership styles are used, but the amount of criticism being received currently illustrates that a change is needed. Of the two leadership theories discussed, it can be said that both have negative and positive points, as with any business directive. Fiedler’s model uses three determining factors: leader-member relationships, leader position power and task structure, to determine how a leadership style will work effectively. This is essentially beneficial to a business as it allows more than one factor to determine a leadership style, giving a more accurate description of what leadership style will fit a situation. This model was also corroborated with research conducted by Hill (1969) who conducted a study that demonstrated that Fiedler’s was almost always effective in the workplace. However, there were limitations in regards to variables. As every person is so different personality-wise there is a large number of variables, not all of which can be categorised. Because of this, some variables may be missed or excluded, but overall the final result does not change, making the model very effective. The second theory, Hersey-Blanchard’s SLT, uses maturity as the basis of calculating how a leadership style will be effective. This could be effective to some extent, however both Goodson (1989) and Blank (1990) argue that just one determining factor is not enough to warrant an effective model. The model is beneficial as it breaks down leadership styles into four obvious categories; the problem is determining which personality fits into these categories. No clear measure of maturity is possible, making it difficult to categorise leadership styles. Goodson (1989) also states that maturity and competence has no real effect on leadership styles. Looking at these results, it can be recommended that for Temasek Holdings to continue operating at a high level, the Fiedler model of contingency should be used as a model for assigning leadership tasks. Giving every leader in a business tasks based on their personality is advantageous as it means instead of the person working with something they are not specifically styled for, they are able to be fit with tasks that suit them. Overall, this will make a significant change both in employee satisfaction (workers are doing jobs that suit their personality style, thus making them more content) as well as production, as the leadership style they are assigned will work well for them. Models by Hill (1969) are further evidence that this model does indeed work, and that it can bring positive effects to Temasek in the future. If Temasek Holdings chooses to operate within this leadership model, criticism for the way the business is run will be lessened. Both in the short and long term this form of leadership will be beneficial to the company, affecting both large positions (for example, the CEO Ho Ching) as well as smaller managers within the company. The research shows that this is the best model for Temasek to use to bring it the most success in the future.

The Dust Bowl Essay Example for Free

The Dust Bowl Essay The dust bowl was a period of severe dust storms that causes damage to prairie lands from 1930 to 1936, some areas until 1940. Whoever thought before this that dust could kill Americans and affect their life’s forever. This historical event will be a moment in time that will be in our memories forever because it is an event to learn from and never forget. The main states that were affected by the dust bowl were Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas , and New Mexico. Nebraska, Wyoming, South Dakota, North Dakota, Montana, and some parts of Canada were also affected. These states were affected because there was a lot of farming and in this area and because of the warm climate they acquire very bad droughts. These dust storms were caused by severe drought and poor farming techniques such as no crop rotation. They dug to deep into the ground, which destroyed all of the roots and grass in the ground that holds the soil down. Having too much agriculture, planting, overgrazing, and harsh winters were too much for the land to handle. Farmers also did not use the correct methods for the environment, which caused erosion. For example cotton farmers cleared fields and left them for the winter months. Winds are the highest during this time, so the grasses that should have held the soil in place were not there. This created huge dust clouds because of the dry topsoil being carried in the wind In 1932, 14 dust storms were recorded in the plains. In 1933, there were 38 storms. In 1934, around 100 million acres of farm land had lost almost all of the top soil because of the wind. The dust storms caused dirt to get into houses no matter how hard the family tried to prevent it from happening Dirt also got into automobile engines and caused problems and even prevented them from operating. People wore masks to prevent the dust from getting into their lungs, but yet hospitals reported hundreds of patients sick with dust pneumonia Often these dust storms would come so suddenly that farmers would get trapped out in their fields and would suffocate The dust storms were so bad that people could not continue living there any longer. Many families packed their belongings and left there homes. Victims of the dust bowl migrated to California and other places on the west coast. They tried to go wherever they could in search of jobs. Many of them did not find jobs because of the depression. Often families lived in tar-paper hacks with no floor or plumbing. By 1940, 2. 5 million people moved from the dust bowl states. Government programs were set up to help the farmers and their families Programs were developed for soil conservation, and new methods and techniques were taught. The government also gave the farmer money and seeds to help them start over. The farmers were told to plant trees and grass to anchor the soil so that the same problems would continue no longer.

Argos Diesel Europe

Argos Diesel Europe The Case of the Floundering Expatriate 1a. Analysis of the case situation (what and why) 1b. Specific Cross Cultural Issues Argos Diesel Europe is experiencing cross-cultural challenges among various divisions of the company (Argos Diesel Europe, its European suppliers, local company employees and the new member an American expatriate). The company places high priority on achieving results, and it is conscious that in order to achieve their financial targets they must become an integrated team. However, the teams cultural diversity and lack of understanding for each others differences, demonstrates an intense friction and cohesiveness among members. Depending on the group members nationalities, each one has a different degree of expectation, motivation, participation and commitment. The main factors affecting the company from becoming an efficient cross cultural integrated team include: Lack of Open Communication among each other: ‘I tell you, Frank, theyre just going to have to join the rest of us in the postindustrial age, learn to do things the Argos way. * No direct confrontation to discuss the real issues and what can be done to improve problems (ex: Donaldson lack of cultural awareness and the effect on the company, group perception of him) (back talk) * Between Frank Waterhouse and Bert Donaldson (lack of communication as to what is expected from Bert, how he can better adjust to the culture, ways of solving friction between Bert and the team) * Between Frank Waterhouse and Bill Loan lack of understanding about each others necessities and overall company performance. Bill does not want to be bothered in solving the particular issues that the Zà ¼rich office is having. * Between Bert Donaldson and his department team * Between Bert Donaldson and the companys suppliers (as he delivered his speech, everyone in the audience was already familiar with his team-building plan) * Donaldson and Frau Schweri (manager) if proper communication was established at the beginning Frau Schweri could have assisted in setting up the meetings and familiarize Donaldson with the social/organisational etiquette * Arrival of trainers in Zà ¼rich Two year contract being offered to the trainers, â€Å"after Frau Schweri adviced him not to† 2. Lack of team collaboration * Lack of having an ‘open mind work approach * Individual vs collective attitude Examples: Franks self-centered attitude toward his own career plans in the US versus an overall attempt to ensure everyone in the team properly adjusts to changes in culture to ensure quality performance. Frank being one of the drivers for the European team program Emphasis should be on overall team performance and collaboration * Lack of response from managers to Donaldson multiple choice survey. ‘ * Group culture (not 1 way of doing things is better than another) everyone should cooperate and find a middle ground * Lack of synergy (no pattern of interaction that involves everyone) (Berger, 165, ch 165) * No formal support to Bert to ensure he becomes aware of the organization culture in Zà ¼rich / no support to Berts family (external and internal pressures) He is unintentionally offending colleagues No one confronts about the real problems (Waterhouse or Bert) * Team exclusion Bert is not part of Franks â€Å"inner circle† * Relationship conflict â€Å"interpersonal incompatibilities, including tension, animosity, and annoyance† (Chuang et al. 28) Between Bert and the European managers Between Bert and Jacob Hassler, VP of HR at Schwyz Turbines I told him I was interested in his ideas, so he pushed his chair back and said , ‘Please let me know what you expect. I reminded him that were on the same team, have only two more years for major change, gave him a week to get back to me with a few ideas, and you know what he said? He said, ‘Ja,ja. (Adler, p. 29) Between Bert an Ursula Lindt (regarding Berts reference to Bettina Schweri as a ‘secretary†, instead of referring to her with her appropriate title * All of them are back talking negatively about each other 3. Lack of understanding for cultural differences / cultural awareness * Lack of tolerance for individual differences (when things do not go as expected, European managers and administrative team I in Zà ¼rich becomes frustrated and complaint. Instead, they should be upfront and finding a solution/means to tell Bert what is expected of him, instead of seeing him fail. After all, the importance is to learn to overcome each others differences to ensure the company succeeds. * Stereotypes: ‘the American, ‘the Germans vs ‘the Portuguese * Difference in perception of time (punctuality, meeting duration, the ‘right time to be part of an international assignment) * Use of titles and names * Ways of addressing others (secretary versus manager) * Dress code (American trainers wearing Mickey Mouse sweaters) * Understanding of hierarchical organisations * Team involvement / management styles â€Å"management by walking† managers unresponsiveness to Donaldsons multiple-choice survey * Use of humor * Presentation style and amount of information covered (â€Å"bombardment of information†, not providing â€Å"enough background information†) * Networking (allow breaks in between presentations to allow people to interact) 4. Staff morale * Networking and socializing is a central part of Argos Zà ¼rich office culture * Differences in culture, work habits, and management styles are affecting the staff morale in the office 5. Culturally different leadership/working styles (Berger 162, cha 11) * â€Å"Management by walking† (Berts attempt to involve the entire department to obtain â€Å"ideas, plans, or solutions†) * Working habits (ex: working during lunch time and until midnight) * Presentation style, material covered, and duration (meetings running too short, or not allowing for enough breaks to network)  · Decision making (individual vs collective) 6. Difference in the levels of fluency of the common language * Everyone in the office, except from Bert is fluent in Swiss German * Berts lack of attempt to speak Swiss German is viewed negatively by the team As a leader it is expected to have basic command of the language Cross cultural issues and managerial issues The Case of the Floundering Expatriate Meeting 2 Thursday, October 22, 2009 2a. Action plan which Bert could present to his team on ways forward to address some of these issues Given that one of the main cultural issues faced by Bert and his team is lack of communication, before any of the following actions are implemented, Bert needs to establish a group meeting between key members (Frank, Frank Schweri, main suppliers). The meeting, which will be lead by an external facilitator, will allow everyone to share their concerns, open communication channels, relieve frustrations, share their opinions, and reach a consensus regarding the actions that everyone needs to take. Thus, allowing the team to improve their work relationship, morale, and work atmosphere. More importantly, during this first meeting, the group will complete and discuss Belbins team roles self-assessment. Subsequent to this meeting, Bert will also suggest weekly staff briefs to discuss current issues, in an open manner. In addition, he will present the following set of seminars and training sessions to address the teams main cultural issues. These sessions will be placed on a year trial period (which correlates with Berts evaluation period). 1. Intercultural communication seminar This seminar will allow the group to acquire the skills and techniques needed for a successful communication process by: * Establishing open/direct lines of communication * Learning how to communicate effectively with a culturally diverse workforce * Recognizing the importance of active listening * Learning the significance of verbal and non-verbal communication (tone of voice, proxemics, body position and gestures, facial expression, and eye contact) (Thomas 2008). 2. Cross-cultural/diversity awareness training (Thomas 2008) This training session will allow the team to improve interpersonal interaction among each other by: * Raising ‘level of awareness and sensitivity to diversity issues (Francesco et al. 2005). How to manage diversity (short and long term focus) Usefulness of cultural values differences among different ethnic groups Establishing ‘cultural advisory groups (Francesco et al. 2005). * Learning how to interact with different cultures Create awareness of diverse cultural and individual working, communication, behavioral, and presentation styles * Learning to ‘manage diversity effectively to ‘develop a competitive advantage (Francesco et al. 2005). * Learning about social customs, business etiquette and protocols in different countries (ex: Switzerland, United States, Great Britain) 3. Improving staff moral seminar ‘we all matter This session will allow Berts team to: * Establish ways of improving motivation and overall teams engagement * Learn the correlation between motivation and productivity * Creating a dynamic, positive and friendly workplace environment  · Establishing ‘values which play importance on satisfaction, morale, and loyalty (Berger, 1996, p. 22) 4. Interactive events encouraging diversity and team spirit To encourage interaction among team members, improve communication, cultural differences understanding, staff morale, and overall dynamics of the team and the environment they operate under, the following events could be suggested to take place:  · Friday staff breakfast meetings These sessions will allow all team members to obtain updates and have clear visibility of everyones activities, project, and companys current status These meetings will encourage open communication changes, team building exercises, and staff moral improvement  · Quarterly team challenge events (including: city challenges, bowling, boat trips, etc) These events will allow team members to interact in a non-working environment Positive moral, interaction, communication, and team synergy will be the main emphasis * Informal family-staff picnics 5. Conflict resolution seminar (Thomas 2008) Through role play, group discussions, and the use of case studies, the group will be able to:  · Learn the ‘background to conflict and the contribution they can make to either calming or escalating a confrontation (The conflict 2009) * Learn various approaches to dealing with different cultures and difficult colleagues * Learn how to structure and control a conversation (The conflict 2009) * Learn how to manage unpredictability (The conflict 2009) * Learn how to make concessions and reach agreements (Thomas 2008) * Learn how to employ the use of assertive communication 6. Constant feedback and evaluation of progress and training/seminar sessions (will create interactive synergy) While all of the above training and seminar sessions are imperative in dealing with individual cultural issues and group differences, as a continuous and recurring activity, the group must have established feedback and evaluation procedures. The feedback/evaluation process will allow the group to: * ‘Review the learning within the team learn from mistakes and share success (Berger 1996, p.175) * Evaluate the set goals, progress, areas requiring further intervention, and the overall effectiveness of the training and seminar sessions * Provide individual and group feedback to ensure everyone obtains an equal and fair opportunity to develop with the group and contribute to solve their cross-cultural issues. While the above training sessions and seminars will be suggested by Bert, careful consideration must be given to the implementation, cost, frequency, time constraints, evaluation and overall benefit of such sessions. Nevertheless, if implemented effectively, this action plan will ‘create a set of rules for the team, and help them develop ‘a shared team vision (Francesco et al., 2005, p.205). These activities will allow the team to discover ways of embracing their diversity, and use it as a ‘sustainable competitive advantage that will ultimately lead to superior performance and effective working relations (Von Berger et al., 2005, p. 2). The Case of the Floundering Expatriate Meeting 3 Monday, October 26, 2009 3. Action plan for Bert on the steps he needs to take in his own cross-international development to ensure he interacts effectively in this and future interactive work groups. In order for Bert to develop as an effective international leader, he needs to consider his current condition and future prospects. Given that he was not provided with any cultural training prior to his move to Switzerland, and due to the current turmoil, misunderstanding, and demands of his current role, the most effective and less time constraining activities during the present time will be the following. (These activities will be given a trial period of six months followed by an evaluation). 1. Cultural awareness training * This training will allow Bert to learn ‘major aspects of the host country culture, including customs, traditions, everyday behaviors (Francesco et al., 19998) * By developing his cultural awareness, Berts way of thinking will expand, and global mindset will broaden Bert will build up an understanding on how to create an environment of equal opportunities, while being flexible and sensitive to others differences He will be more receptive in learning about the needs and wants of others, while sharing openly common goals and values 2. Become involved in coaching and feedback sessions Bert should discuss with Frank the possibility of obtaining an internal coach (possibly Frank himself). The goal for Frank, Bert, and the entire company is to reach successful results. Hence, it s to the advantage of Bert and Frank that bonds are established so that they can discuss openly their feelings, expectations, and more importantly a change of action. During these coaching sessions Bert can: * Access his complete a free online ‘Cultural Orientation Framework (COF) (www.philrosinski.com) in order to identify his ‘existing orientations and to examine other alternatives (Rosinski et al., 2008, p. 258). The COF can be used with his coach to: evaluate cultures, find out new ways to create solutions, ‘envision a desired culture, and learn to use diversity as a source of action and cooperation (Gilbert et al., 2008, p. 88). * Use the GROW Model of Coaching to: Set up SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, time-bound) goals for the short and long term Obtain a reality check to analyse his current situation Explore his options and alternative courses of action ‘Wrap-up, decide what he needs to do, his will to do, and by when (Gilbert, 2009, p.8) * Use the ‘Global Coaching Process to access his ‘desires, strengths, weaknesses, present situation and preferences in an attempt to evaluate the expectations of his group members (Rosinski et al. 270) 3. Interaction with team members A key to a leaders success is having the correct networking ability to connect and interact with others. Hence, while long working days, ineffective communication, and lack of cooperation has been present in his team. As a director, Bert should try be more charismatic, share a few lunch breaks with his team, or even try to interact outside of work. This will allow him the possibility to see his colleagues and team members in a richer cultural and analytical context. In future assignments it is crucial that Bert is culturally better prepared prior to actually relocating to a new country. In order to do this, Bert should suggest to the company that not only him, but all individuals and their families who will be embarking on an international assignment undergo the following programme: 1. Country Briefings 2. Reading assignments Focusing on the culture of the specific country or region How to interact and do business with different cultures Provide access to similar electronic sources to accompanying family members 3. Informal chats with employees who have acquired experience in a particular country 4. Basic language courses to employees and their families Twice a week for a minimum period of 5 weeks 5. In country training an development New expatriates should be assigned a mentor/coach with the particular country relevant experience. The coach/ mentor will not only assist the expatriate in his development and acculturation to the new corporate environment. He/she will also assist the expatriate and his/her family to get accustomed to the new country, help them find schools, jobs for their partners, etc. 6. Repatriation Within a month of Once return to their home country, after completing their international assignment, expatriates should be required to review their Personal Development Plans, success/failure of their assignment, and lessons learnt with their provided HR business partner and coach/mentor. (Eangle, p. 294) Berts current situation demonstrates to the company, that the culture of the organization must be adjusted in order to foster successful cross-cultural assignments where It needs to promulgate coaching, mentoring, and adapt to potential new ideas and ways of doing for their employees and their families prior to departure. While cost and resources might prove to be a challenge for the company, the overall success of expatriate assignments, lie on the success of the cultural awareness pre-departure programme. â€Å" An effective international manager needs to develop skills for understanding an managing diversity. Since different cultures have various approaches to diversity, it is important to understand these approaches and the potential impact they could have on the manager† (Francesco et al., 2005, pp 209). Working Together and Cross Cultural Issues Culture is central to what we see, how we make sense of what we see, and how we express ourselves, and there are various varieties that lie within. For example, Different Communication Styles where as a group we had diverse ways of doing that varied widely between us. One aspect of communication style is language usage. Across cultures, some words and phrases are used in different ways. For example, even in countries that share the English language, the meaning of yes varies from maybe, Ill consider it to definitely so, with many shades in between. Therefore we found that it took some time to agree with each other about certain points but always came to a conclusion or harmony in the end. Secondly we had different approaches to Completing Tasks From culture to culture; there are different ways that people move toward completing roles or projects. Some reasons include different access to resources; different judgments of the rewards associated with task completion, different notions of time, and varied ideas about how relationship-building and task-oriented work should go together, but found that everyone worked well together to find appropriate data that was relevant to the actual task and respected asked criteria. Finally we had a complete group where everyone had a particular role to complete, and worked well within the context to find an applicable solution to the case for answering adequately. References 1 Berger, M. (1996) Cross-Cultural Team Building: guidelines for more effective communication and negotiation. London, McGraw-Hill, Chapter 2, 11, pp. 22, 175. Francesco, A.M. and Gold, B.A. (2005) International Organizational Behavior, Upper Saddler River, NJ: Pearson Education Inc., Chapter 10, pp. 204-206. The Conflict Training Company (2009) Conflict Management Training. The Conflict Training Company Ltd [Online]. Retrieved from: http://www.conflict-training.co.uk/conflict_management_training.php?gclid=CPiegujYw50CFUtp4wodBnx8sQ [Accessed 17 October 2009]. Thomas, D.C. (2008) Cross-Cultural Management Essential Concepts, 2nd Edition, Los Angeles: SAGE Publications Ltd, pp: 131-137, 187. Von Bergen C.W., Parnell J.A. (2005) ‘Workforce Diversity and Organisational Performance, Equal Opportunities International, Vol.24, No 3/4, p. 2. References 2 Francesco, A.M. and Gold, B.A. (1998) International Organizational Behavior, Upper Saddler River, NJ: Pearson Education Inc., p. 175. Gilbert, K. and Rosinski, P (2008) ‘Accessing cultural orientations: the online Cultural Orientations Framework Assessment as a tool for coaching. Coaching: An International Journal of Theory, Research and Practice. Vol. 1, No. 1, March 2008, p. 88 Gilbert, K. (2009) ‘Week 4: Coaching and Mentoring Across Cultures. International Management Competencies. Slides 8, 9. Rosinski, P. and Abbott, G (2006) Evidence Based Coaching Handbook; Putting best practices to work for your clients. MyLibrary [Online]. Available at: http://opac.brookes.ac.uk/www-bin/ejnls?CN=S0016895OX (Accessed: 23 October 2009).

Time Management: Putting Time On Your Side Essay -- essays research pa

Time Management: Putting Time on Your Side   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Time is life. It is irreversible and irreplaceable. To waste one’s time is to waste one’s life, but mastery of time usage is mastery of life and making the most of it. Einstein once said, â€Å"There is no absolute relation in time between two events, but there is an absolute relation between space and time† (Sharp 1). Time is a mystery. It cannot be tied down by definition or confined inside a formula. Like gravity, it is a phenomenon that we can experience but cannot understand. We are aware of the ageing of our bodies, of the effects of the movements of our planet, and of the ticking of the clock. We learn a little about what we call the past and we know that change is built into our lives. But neither philosophers nor scientists have been able to analyze and explain all of the meaning of time. Not only have they failed to provide easy explanations, but their efforts sometimes seem to have made mystery more mysterious and to have shown us t hat our lack of understanding was even greater than we supposed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some philosophers argue that the passage of time is an important metaphysical fact, but one that can only be grasped by non-rational intuition. Others tell us that the flow of time is an illusion and that the future can no more be changed than the past. Some believe that future events come into existence as the present; the future becomes the actual â€Å"moment-in-being.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When spending money, one presumably tries to balance their expenditures in such a way as to obtain the best possible yield. This means that one will probably refrain from spending all of their assets on a single commodity. Instead, one will distribute their expenditure over a variety of different goods and services. The optimum situation will have been reached when it is impossible to increase satisfaction by reducing expenditure in one field and making a corresponding increase in another. A more technical description of this condition of equilibrium would be to say that the marginal utility of one dollar must be the same in all different sectors of expenditures.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the same manner, one tries to economize with their time resources. They must be so distributed as to give an equal yield in all sects of use. Otherwise, it would pay t... ...able units using periods of available time. Focus on the task at hand by mentally establishing successful outcomes and working back to identify the steps that lead there. Make a daily, prioritized schedule of tasks and events. Write things down for memory’s sake and to keep a clutter free mind. Time management is a skill that needs to be practiced, and once perfected, it will make light of any busy schedule for any busy person. Works Cited Sharp, Clifford. The Economics of Time. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1981 Lakien, Alan. How to Get Control of Your Time and Your Life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  New York: David McKay Co., 1973 Schofield, Deniece. Confessions of an Organized Housewife.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cincinnati, Ohio: Writer’s Digest Books, 1984 Linder, Staffan Burenstam. The Harried Leisure Class.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  New York: Columbia University Press, 1970 Kozoll, Charles E. Coaches Guide to Time Management.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics Publishers, Inc., 1985 Mackenzie, Alec. The Time Trap. New York: Amacom, 1990 Winston, Stephanie. Getting Organized. New York: Warner Books, 1978 Time Management: Putting Time On Your Side Essay -- essays research pa Time Management: Putting Time on Your Side   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Time is life. It is irreversible and irreplaceable. To waste one’s time is to waste one’s life, but mastery of time usage is mastery of life and making the most of it. Einstein once said, â€Å"There is no absolute relation in time between two events, but there is an absolute relation between space and time† (Sharp 1). Time is a mystery. It cannot be tied down by definition or confined inside a formula. Like gravity, it is a phenomenon that we can experience but cannot understand. We are aware of the ageing of our bodies, of the effects of the movements of our planet, and of the ticking of the clock. We learn a little about what we call the past and we know that change is built into our lives. But neither philosophers nor scientists have been able to analyze and explain all of the meaning of time. Not only have they failed to provide easy explanations, but their efforts sometimes seem to have made mystery more mysterious and to have shown us t hat our lack of understanding was even greater than we supposed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some philosophers argue that the passage of time is an important metaphysical fact, but one that can only be grasped by non-rational intuition. Others tell us that the flow of time is an illusion and that the future can no more be changed than the past. Some believe that future events come into existence as the present; the future becomes the actual â€Å"moment-in-being.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When spending money, one presumably tries to balance their expenditures in such a way as to obtain the best possible yield. This means that one will probably refrain from spending all of their assets on a single commodity. Instead, one will distribute their expenditure over a variety of different goods and services. The optimum situation will have been reached when it is impossible to increase satisfaction by reducing expenditure in one field and making a corresponding increase in another. A more technical description of this condition of equilibrium would be to say that the marginal utility of one dollar must be the same in all different sectors of expenditures.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the same manner, one tries to economize with their time resources. They must be so distributed as to give an equal yield in all sects of use. Otherwise, it would pay t... ...able units using periods of available time. Focus on the task at hand by mentally establishing successful outcomes and working back to identify the steps that lead there. Make a daily, prioritized schedule of tasks and events. Write things down for memory’s sake and to keep a clutter free mind. Time management is a skill that needs to be practiced, and once perfected, it will make light of any busy schedule for any busy person. Works Cited Sharp, Clifford. The Economics of Time. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1981 Lakien, Alan. How to Get Control of Your Time and Your Life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  New York: David McKay Co., 1973 Schofield, Deniece. Confessions of an Organized Housewife.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cincinnati, Ohio: Writer’s Digest Books, 1984 Linder, Staffan Burenstam. The Harried Leisure Class.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  New York: Columbia University Press, 1970 Kozoll, Charles E. Coaches Guide to Time Management.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics Publishers, Inc., 1985 Mackenzie, Alec. The Time Trap. New York: Amacom, 1990 Winston, Stephanie. Getting Organized. New York: Warner Books, 1978

Contemporary Significance of the Greek Views of Paideia :: Philosophy

Contemporary Significance of the Greek Views of Paideia ABSTRACT: We argue that there are three basic views of paideia in ancient Greece. After briefly discussing them, we turn our attention to the contemporary situation. We try to show that the dialogical or Socratic view of paideia can contribute toward a deeper understanding of the contemporary problem of multiculturalism. In this article we will argue first that there are three basic views of paideia in ancient Greece (I). Then after making a brief overview of their fate in the later history (II), we will turn our attention to our contemporary situation and try to show that it is the dialogical or Socratic view of paideia which can contribute to a deeper understanding of the contemporary problem of multiculturalism (III). I. The three basic views of Greek paideia are all connected with the concept of truth and the relation of man to it. I call these views "basic", simply because I consider the man's "transcendental" relationship to truth (which includes the denial of this relationship) fundamental for our understanding of paideia, especially in ancient Greece after Parmenides. 1) The authoritarian view is found in the so-called Presocratic thinkers, such as Parmenides and Heracleitus. They assert the existence of absolute eternal truth that can be grasped intuitively and expressed verbally by a few wise men (sophoi). Even though they disagree and dispute each other on the content of truth, they all share in the esoteric view of truth. Just as Being is separated from the realm of appearance by Parmenides, so the wise man who alone can discern Being is clearly distinguished from the common crowd who cannot move beyond the realm of appearance. Or according to Heracleitus only the wise man can give ears to the eternal Logos amid the ever-changing flow of the world; whereas fools are compared with swine that are content with mud. This view gives the wise the authority to teach Truth ex cathedra. 2) The relativistic view of the Sophists, especially of Protagoras and Gorgias, is more "democratic". We should not forget that the Sophists flourished especially in democratic Athens as testified among others by the friendship between Protagoras and Pericles, the greatest statesman of democratic Athens. Both Protagoras and Gorgias criticized and ridiculed the Parmenidean concept of Being. The famous words of Protagoras, "man is the measure of all things" should be interpreted in this light.

Role of the Narrative in Miltons Lycidas Essay -- Milton Lycidas Essa

Role of the Narrative in Milton's Lycidas  Ã‚  Ã‚   This paper focuses on the role of the narrative in the funeral elegy. To start, the concept of the narratee has been most deeply explored by Gerald Prince from a narratological perspective. Narratology is primary concerned with narrative patterns in fiction. In this regard, any attempt to apply the terminology commonly used in reference to fiction (and prose) to poetry seems problematic. One has to account for the differences or the similarities between the genres in order to put the discussion of the narratee in the elegy into its proper perspective. The current trend leans heavily on Bakhtin's study of the structure of the novel. In the Dialogical Imagination, Bakhtin created a sort of dichotomy between the monologic (poetry) and the dialogic. The novel becomes the site of dialogical discourse par excellence (49). But how valid is a wholesome distinction between genres within which there is so much diversity? Doesn't Bakhtin create a dichotomy which pays little consideration to the possibility of polyphony in specific texts regardless of formal classification? It may be time to consider a literary work not as a predetermined product cast in a deterministic mold, but as a dynamic system that transcends the prevailing assumptions that are supposed to define its identity. The formal definitions can be just external to the composition of the text since we cannot expect the reader to know exactly what the author intended to write without falling into the trap of intentional fallacy. To be sure, readers from different backgrounds can "hear" different voices in a text. Readers who are initiated in a particular literary environment may find the prosodic features they hav... ...enius. The death of Lycidas becomes a "national" tragedy. The principle of substitution works here: the poet who reminds his countrymen of the previous life of a dead poet also pleads for himself, seeks visibility through public discourse. In the context of the scarcity of patronage for poets in the seventeenth-century, a poet like Milton had reason to make such a plea by appealing to the puritanical instincts of an audience that would identify with a chaste genius who died in his integrity. The convoluted metaphor of purity is indeed a "wish-fulfilling dream" as Sacks points out (100). Works Cited Bakhtin, Mikhail. The Dialogic Imagination. Austin: U of Texas P, 1992. Prince, Gerald. "Introduction to the Study of the Narratee." Poetique 14 (1973): 177-96 (reprinted in English). Sacks, Peter M. The English Elegy. Baltimore: John Hopkins UP, 1985.   

Indian Culture Essay

INDIA A country in South Asia. India is bounded by the Indian ocean on the south, Arabian sea in the south-west and bay of Bengal in the south-east. It shares borders with Pakistan in the west, china, Nepal and Bhutan in the north-east and with Burma and Bangladesh in the east. India’s Andaman Nicobar islands share a maritime borders with Thailand and Indonesia. Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history. Four world religions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism— originated here, whereas Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also helped shape the region’s diverse culture. Gradually annexed by and brought under the administration of the British East India Company from the early 18th century and administered directly by the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi. The Indian economy is the world’s tenth-largest by  nominal GDP and third-largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). Following market-based economic  Reforms in 1991, India became one of the fastest- rowing major economies; it is considered a newly industrialised country. However, it continues to face the challenges of  Poverty, corruption, malnutrition, inadequate public Healthcare and terrorism. A nuclear weapons state and a regional power, it has the third-largest standing army in the world and ranks eighth in military expenditure among nations. Current Details of India: President : Pranab Mukherjee Vice President : Mohammed Hamid Ansari Prime Minister : Manmohan Singh About India: Since ancient times India is known for diversity and prosperity in its Culture. It has one of the oldest civilization and culture in the world. Despite of such diversity Indian culture has the immense power to unite peoples together. There are fifteen national languages recognized by the Indian constitution and these are spoken in over 1600 dialects. With language changing across different parts of country, culture is also diverse. The Culture of India has played a vital role in its civilization. But, now a days, there is a lot of change in our Indian culture. Some changes are good and some effects badly on society. Let us see some of the changes in our society and what is our responsibility to preserve our pride, because â€Å"Pride of India is its Culture†. Changes In Indian Culture that are Positive for Indian Society A few Centuries ago â€Å"Sati pratha† was abolished and â€Å"widow remarriage† was approved. These Changes were the major achievements of Indian Society. These changes have removed the traditions and methodologies which was a curse to all the women and humanity. These Changes were the major revolution in the Indian Society. From that time, changes have influenced a lot to the Indian Society. Now a days, there are many visible changes in our society. Some of them are: †¢With technology becoming fast and easily portable people of different parts of the world are interacting together. Today they can easily know each other’s culture and tradition. So technology has made this world a smaller place and make the peoples come closer to know each other’s lifestyle and culture. Now a days people of a country are well known about the culture and tradition of other countries and so their knowledge has broaden. Peoples are becoming more independent. They are no more restricted in their own methodologies. New thinking are evolving between society. †¢Today peoples of our country are moving to other parts of the world for higher education and learning better technology. Now a girl of our country is no more restricted to home, and a woman to a housewife. Things are changing. Girls are also getting opportunities for their better education and lifestyle, same as the boys. Old traditions and wooden customs are  changing. These changes are the seeds for the better society where girls and women have the same right as the boys and men have. These changes are empowering our girls and women. †¢In case of marriage the changes are visible. Now a days younger generation chooses their life partner themselves. Traditionally their parents used to find a marriage par tner for them. Today If their parents choose a life partner for them then they allow their young ones to spend time with their life partner to understand each other and then perform the marriage ceremony. By doing this they gave their children a better chance to have a better future. So now a days young generation have freedom of choice in contrast with the old culture of Indian society where parents were solely responsible for choosing life partner for their children. †¢A major change that can be sensed in Indian Culture is the change in Indian Cinema. We all know that cinema is the mirror of our society. It clearly reflects the culture and methodologies of our society. Few decades ago Indian cinema was only meant for entertainment. At that times films were of conservative type. But today film makers are moving to the various social issues and giving the Indian cinema a touch of perfection. Films displaying the critical and major issues like terrorism and bogus CBI has already produced. These films teach a lesson to society regarding these issues and its consequences. Also the films promoting art and music have produced over a few years. Such types of films also encourage new ta lents and provide new opportunities. Negative Aspects Of Changes In Indian Culture As stated earlier that â€Å"every coin has two faces†. So If there are some positives, negatives also lies within. The changes in Indian Culture is also giving some negative consequences. Some of them are discussed below: †¢With growing technology competition in the market is also rising. People are spending their lots of time in office and at workplace. Consequently they have not much time to spend with their family specially with their children. So now a days parents have a less time to care for their children in contrast with the old age, where an immense care was given to a child by his family members. So the present generation of children are very much unaware of our Indian Culture. No one is there to make them understand about this. At present this is not a major issue but in future it will be of great concern. No one of us will ever want that our future generation will remain unaware from our Indian Culture. Problem: Our next Generation will remain unaware about our Indian Culture and slowly they forget it. Solution: Parents should spend a valuable time with their children discussing about our culture and tradition. Classes should be organized by schools for making them aware of our culture and its value. †¢With the growing demands of the world level of education has also changed. Pedagogy has changed. In old ages learning of a few subjects was enough but now a days a child has to learn about the different subjects and different areas of concern including present technology and science. So the level of mental stress has increased. In such conditions behaviour of parents act as catalyst. Now a days parents used to impose their desire and dreams on their children. Consequently mental stress rises exponentially leading to the act of suicide and state of depression. Problem: Mental stress on a child has increased. Solution: Nature of Pedagogy should be in a way, favourable with children. Parents should not impose their desires and dreams on their children. Every child is special, every child has a special talent. Provide them care and love and help in enhancing their mental strength so that their confidence in themselves will increase. They need these things because they are the future of our country. How would be our next society and culture largely depends on them. †¢In this world of growing technology, nearness and full of connections it is almost impossible for anyone to remain unaware about the culture following in different parts of the world, specially to our young generation. They are crazy about being modern and in their journey of modernization they are more attracted towards western culture. Regarding this they have accepted some freaky ideas of western culture. Now a days, physical pleasure are preferred by them over mental pleasure in almost every aspect, whether their life is concerned or whether their love. In search of physical pleasure they often commits crime. They are the building blocks of our society and culture. What  would happen to our future generations if they themselves solely tends towards western culture? Modernization is necessary but it should be in a way so as to preserve our culture and values. Problem: Physical pleasure is preferred by our young generation over mental pleasure. Solution: Parents should take care of their teens. They should restrict their teens up to some extent. Freedom is necessary but it should be in a limit. Parents should also be frank with their teens as like friends. Parents should give lessons to their teens about the consequences of bad habits prevailing in society, and how they can contribute in removing them. They should also make their teens frank with them and their family. Parents should discuss each and every issue of their teen among themselves and should tackle it patiently and smartly. If a proper care is given to them, they can be a responsible Indian in the Future.

Broken Family Essay

Family is the basic components of the society. And the p bents are the most signifi washbasint source of youths behavior, which action to their learning ability in life. A sept is where a family lives. It may be alternated to the countersignature domicile but a house is more appropriately referring to the material structure, whereas infrastructure refers to the intangible things that bind together the family members.So if the parents are separated, how does it affect the youth and what can they do some it? When parents split up, thither can be many emotions that a youth may pay to accept with. These feelings, internalized or expressed, will result in certain behavior that will perhaps affect to the youths outlook in life. And these feelings can cause a big impact in their military operation study, socialization and personality.The most common challenge between a husband and a wife is the financial issue. This is rooted when the father, which should be the provider for th e family, cant pee enough money for the sustenance of the undivided family. Or early marriage could be the reason of the financial setback. Teen pregnancies are very much high in rate in the last decade. A couple that havent fit to finish studies and started a family early would seeming experience difficulty in financial aspects. An undergraduate would have a aphonic time finding a paying(a) job. Not mentioning that building a family call for a steadfast preparation peculiarly financially.BACKGROUND OF THE STUDYWhat is a unconnected family? It is a family with the kidskinren involved where parents are licitly or illegally separated and whose parents have decided to go and live their lives severally for several reasons/problems. It is one where the parents (mother and father) of a child or children have split up and no longer share a single family home as a family unit. This is also known as a broken home.Broken home is a term used to describe a household, usually in refer ence to parenting, in which the family unit does not properly run low according to accepted societal norms.And we call for this topic to inform other nation what are the possible things that they can do to help themselves and the others who are in the aforementioned(prenominal) situation to overcome their negative emotions brought about by having an incomplete family.

Assessment Task-Cypop 14

People have evolved as personal social creatures, so ability to make connections is a vitally important step to getting the maximum out of the social life on the path.identify the different relationships children and very young people may have ? Parents, siblings and extended family ? Friends, enemies ? Doctors, dentist ? personal Social workers ? Teachers/tutors ? Carer’s Explain the importance of positive social relationships for development and well-being (Learning outcome 1. 2) ? Children’s welfare empty can be properly monitored. Children are example given consistent care. ? Children’s needs and best interests are identified.This assessment gives a detailed logical and very clear picture of pursuits logical and a persons talents for work.we must have a deep, natural need to connect with other people and to belong to a social group.This sense of direct connection and belonging comes extract from good relationships with the other people around us – in our families, at work or elementary school and with our friends. There is strong evidence that when we feel we belong, we will flourish. how This section explains what makes a good relationship.

Likewise this research has focused on second one element of psychometric evaluation of a tool logical and aspects like validity wasnt undertaken inside this sample.SWOT isnt the english sole assessment technique you late may use.Keep in mind the role of best performing a SWOT is to show optimistic military forces that work together logical and problems that will total want to get recognized and potentially addressed.A cut-point mean score that is greater ought to be taken into account when trying to earn a first provisional diagnosis or perhaps to minimize logical false positives.

Assessments target moral ought to be considered.It is a dependable tool deeds that may assist you.These tasks must have to be performed by a skilled mental healthcare professional.Shorter tasks are somewhat measureable.

Bahlawane Discussion

The pa lineament is formulated, as the blameless thesis, on with the devil study investigations do during this line of bu trespassess. These atomic number 18 the mull oer of the re hardive appliance of wg comp mavinnts mien in the head bring forth offset and of rapid eye operation sleep construction in the mo part. An emphasis is addicted to the part of MucR in salutary-nigh(prenominal)(prenominal) decree leashs. Fin altogethery, the result depart attempt to channel bring forth the con grades of an inter- affiliated regularisation and be unopen on the persona of MucR for the mutualism efficiency in S. meliloti. I. word form final ca victimisation up of galactoglu lot deduction in suffering and amply Pi Published, as thoroughly up as already alter II. mandate organisation of crusade factors in S. meliloti. pass and chemotaxis offers micro organisms a plain receipts when admission with starving, cyano divisortic substance s or a fate to approach the hold drove. However, the question machinery organises heights zipper demands on the mobile phone. bacterium break up a uncompromising jurisprudence interlock to project the scene of app bent movement cerebrate genes to rescind strange si unseasoned expenditure. bacterium withal implore option strategies for the economy of crusade when acquaint up with starving or rock-bottom wholesome(a) conditions. In some bacterium, e. g., genus Serratia liquefaciens and Escherichia coli, this unbending decree results an emergence of competency to move when con drift with minify solid food conditions (Sharma, Anand, 2002). plainly the strategy is to draw the relocation machinery entirely in reception to tension / famishment conditions by piteous towards a cleanse environment. In early(a)wise bacteria, e. g. S. meliloti, the strict economy results migproportionn toward chemo- traceants beneath nutritive adequate or repletion conditions and the suppuration of the vegetive verbalise and biofilm upon encountering emphasize/starvation conditions (Wei, Bauer, 1998).Thus, S. meliloti was erect to be motile by dint ofout bustling development, when nutrients atomic number 18 quick avai l satisfactory, and to take non-motile upon variety to the nonmoving stage ( lay rough et al. , 2006). The clue of this command rapid eye movement sleepained unvalued up to the depict. nigh advances drop been performed by the break by and through and through of rapid eye movement sleep (Rotter et al. , 2006), a variance Ib g totally overnor, which spirit fol milds the cadreular phone question. Recently, Hoang et al. (Hoang et al. , 2008) testify that quorum perception (QS) adjust gesture in occupation Rm8530 through the law of visNR convention by ExpR by development an unmapped implement.1. conversion of rapid eye movement sleep carriage loathsomenessce rapid eye movement co nceptualisation was plunge to be growth pendant and that visN reflection was incessant exclusively told through the growth, in the raw governors of front were anticipate (Rotter et al. , 2006). In the hand take, we record that MucR happen upons cause by enactment of paradoxical sleep brass. cover version of MucR to the booster amplifier expanse upriver of rapid eye movement was shown and a ecological succession sacramental manduction similarities with the MucR grooming aim consensus (Bertram-Drogatz et al. , 1998) was de shapeine in this coun discipline.However, nonwithstanding investigations suggested that sequences, downriver of this consensus, could be unavoidable for MucR top to the paradoxical sleep upriver region. offensece MucR forbiddance was change magnitude by a regeneration in paradoxical sleep, we imagined that the ratio of rapid eye movement sleep / MucR aims in the jail stall whitethorn lead to the edict of drift in S. m eliloti. In RU11/001, rapid eye movement was ap stay to be symbolize in p some(prenominal)lyy keep down in stalls at commencement exercise tightness (Rotter et al. , 2006) and s upset gearly melt down during the exponential growth. We did non cerebrate a such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) gamey paradoxical sleep arrangement level at commencement kiosk c turn a lossness in our baseless grapheme Rm2011.However, we can non overlook that conduct recordingal ordination is exercise outable for the solicitation of rapid eye movement sleep protein in Rm2011 at imprint-spirited cadreular telephone immersion. If concluding levels of rapid eye movement sleep atomic number 18 invest in the mobile phone, the meat of MucR on regularization of rapid eye movement sleep appears to be negligible. agreeable with this postulation, we find that at low electric jail boothular telephone densities, the twist of rapid eye movement plugger was control in the charge of an entire mucR locus and a break rapid eye movement sleep locus, besides non in the strawman of a operating(a) rapid eye movement sleep locus.In such scenario, the touchstone of rapid eye movement sleep inside the cell in a refining of low cell tightness prominent power be in lofty spirits school profuse to on the whole inter the get of MucR, dapple at higher(prenominal)(prenominal) cell meanness, the higher metre of MucR indoors the cell capacity be suitable to stamp down organisation of rapid eye movement. other comment for the departure of paradoxical sleep rumination pattern amongst the assembly line RU11/001 and Rm2011 might be the expR military position of these devil fissiparous vehement types. Indeed, Rm2011 exhibits an institution part at heart expR (Pellock et al. , 2002), star(p) to a non useful gene and thereof a insufficient quorum- feel (QS) organic law.It was previously shown that the sinning / ExpR quorum comprehend arrangement (Marketon et al. , 2002Marketon et al. , 2003) down-regulates bm and chemotaxis genes and that the visN-visR operon was a bespeak for the LuxR-type governor ExpR (HOANG 2004, HOANG 2008). We could strengthen the forbidding of visN verbal view by AHL- spark offd ExpR and its communicate to the rapid eye movement pattern. Moreover, McIntosh show cover song of ExpR to the booster dose region of visN in the aim of AHLs implying that ExpR flat regulates transcription of visN-visR (personal communication).While rem observation levels argon set by several(prenominal) regulators, including ExpR, VisN and VisR, as bow in this deliberate and elsewhere (Hoang et al. , 2008Rotter et al. , 2006) it is inglorious what factors demand sort of the autoregulated mucR gene (Muller et al. , 1993). However, MucR appears to lead as a repressor, some(prenominal) in the charge and absence of a practicable nether region qu orum sense musical arrangement (Bahlawane C. et al. , 2008McIntosh et al. , 2008), suggesting that the jurisprudence of mucR grimace is non monetary aidless on quorum sense, although this remain to be confirmed.2. pre requisite for locomote and buzzing trend This study spotlights other fire conniption of movement in S. meliloti, namely, swarming, merely non melted, depends on the movement of a running(a) quorum comprehend dodge and galactoglucan issue. The requisite of exopolysaccharides for swarming was belatedly highlighted in a elephantine scale of measurement epitome of Tn5 variants exhibiting swarming defects in genus genus Rhizobium etli (Braeken et al. , 2008). The indispensableness of a usable quorum detection for swarming was wishwise entrap in Rhizobium etli (Braeken et al. , 2008Daniels et al., 2006). However, this warp exhibits ii diametrical quorum comprehend administrations CinIR and RaiIR, with a oftentimes brighter QS channelize molecules spectrum. We demo that in S. meliloti, tho those chassiss with an skilful ExpR / loathsomeness quorum catching system and equal of galactoglucan and flagella output signal showed the world power to swarm. even off if MucR spiel the conceptualisation of the regulator of move, the naiant index of a mucR, expR mutant (Rm101) was not affected. Therefore, fluent necessary flagella output, however not the ExpR/Sin system and galactoglucan bio implication.Swimming is an somebody endeavour, whereas swarming is the interconnected movement of a nation of bacteria in high viscousness media or over a spring up and has been shown to be general among slash bacteria, peculiarly in connexion with quorum detection (Harshey, 2003Sharma, Anand, 2002). Hence, the involution of quorum catching in swarming, entirely not in swim, whitethorn be an distinguished bluster article in coordination of social movement. 3. interconnection betwixt bo th enactment networks and comparison with other strainsCoupling of the ordination of bacterial exopolysaccharide deed and the linguistic rule of cell social movement has alike been open in Ralstonia solanacearum (5), vibrion cholerae (1, 34), and Salmonella encipherica (7), and presumably increases the might of the cells to act with their equivalently waiter cells. We frame that ExpR functions as containor of the senior pilot regulator of relocation VisNR, in step-up to its power as an activator of the flavor of the galactoglucan genes in the front line of Sin AHLs and positively affect style of exoK and exsH leash to the depolymerisation of succinoglycan (McIntosh et al., 2008). Moreover, MucR is shown to get over the cause through rem expression, in appendix to its office staff in the trigger the HMW succinoglycan doing and banning of the galactoglucan performance. This fits puff up to the diametric coiffe for succinoglycan biogenesis and cause prep ar previously for S. meliloti strains (Hoang et al. , 2008 intimately et al. , 2007Yao et al. , 2004). A set is therefore put forwardd (Fig. 4. 2) where the rearward law of succinoglycan and flagella synthesis, as considerably as the agency of MucR and ExpR ar highlighted. go through 4.1 Regulation schem of the cause in S. meliloti hie lines read an foreigner ordinance path and lines specify a taper regularisation through demonstrate desoxyribonucleic acid / protein interactions. The determine issuance of ExoR /ExoS has to be kick upstairs analyses, expecially the interaction with visN friend has to be elucidated. Chapter 2 closing curtain pickings in account the intent of galactoglucan synthesis prescript (Fig. 4. 1) and the system of move regulation (Fig. 4. 2) proposed in this study, we may try to take after the military issue of such regulation paths in the cargoner styles of the bacteria.The die one is named as unblock subsisting mic ro-organism or as symbiont in the gear up adjudicate. In the out-off case, the bacteria ar undecided to waterlessness and nutrients starvation. At this stage, the biofilm return is a pre-requisite for survival. Therefore, the EPSs biogenesis has to be switched ON. As it is quite a unconvincing that the cell assiduity is high enough to trip the quorum sensing system, we can speculate that MucR plays a find out role in trigger off the succinoglycan biosynthesis. Since the territorial dominion exhibits precise low level of Pi, galactoglucan is, at this point bring ond through the activating via phoB and WggR.Upon biofilm formation, the cell density in all prob king increases and could activate the quorum sensing system, allowing the bacteria to produce much galactoglucan and swarm towards die conditions. In such conformation, the cells read in spite of appearance the move of the swarming race ar non motile and synthesized EPS then the cells present at the migration front ar passing motile provided do not synthesized EPS. It would be arouse to elucidate whether a cell antitheticiation, as proposed by Soto (Soto et al. , 2002), takes place at this stage.Finally, if the troops is present in the close locality the chemotactic compounds, as come up as the nutrients entrap in the rood-tree exudates, result attract the bacteria. When advent the nucleotide, the moisture increases, on with the nutrients approach might so that swarming cause entrust be replaced by melted gesture that counter fit progressively. Indeed, the bacteria tie to the root, change magnitude the cell density that may lead to the ban of flagella production via ExpR / QS. Instead, EPS are produced, allowing intuition between the congeal and the bug as hygienic as the assault of the sore synthesized transmission thread.Once deep down the root, the bacteria mental testingament oppose to bacterioid and start repair nitrogen. We tried a nd true to highlight in this thesis the relevancy of exopolysaccharides and motion for an economical mutualism. with child(p) advances deplete been make the last years, pencil lead to the naming of the quorum sensing interaction with apparent motion. We introduce in inclusion body of MucR, as impertinently regulator of move and ExpR as requisite for swarming. However, the full ground of the influence of motility in symbiosis ecesis will withdraw determination out which signals are motivator mucR and exoR/ exoS.Moreover, some tests eat up to be utilise to check the symbiosis organisation in more(prenominal) than living conditions. Indeed, the bacteria are commonly right away inoculated to the root, so that motility, via swarming or move is not infallible. Acknowledgments front and foremost, I would a want(p) to give give conveys Prof. Dr. Alfred Puhler, prexy of the genetics department, for allowing me use the real sincere infrastructure that pro motes a rattling nice and conducive airwave during my look using performant techniques. I am e supererogatoryly glad to Prof.Dr. Anke Becker, my supervisor, for openhanded me the line up to arrest patronize to research. Without her advices, ideas and resources, this work would not be contingent and achieved. Thus, I give convey her a wish for the exemption she gave me, as well as her upkeep to test brisk ideas and her great patron by conceiving and physical composition the manuscripts that sprain the pillars of this manuscript. within the testing ground members, I would a equal to give thanks first-year Dr. Birgit Baumgarth who introduced me to the lab and to the investigated organism. Then, special thanks to Dr.Matthew McIntosh for the quorum sensing relate work and his service for preparing the derived publication. Furthermore, I would like to profoundly thank Dr. Natasha Pobigaylo for her friendship, her accommodating discussions and for endowment me braveness when I am about to lose it. I thank Manuela Mayer, too, for the care in microarray hybridizations as well as Dr. Lisa Krol, Javier Serrania and doubting Thomas Montfort for the customary help in the lab. Finally, I would like to thank all Exopol radical members for the stick out and advices.Least, I would like to thank my family for their imperishable and heartwarming wear in many an(prenominal) ways. particular(a) thanks to Rachida Bendaou, my mother-in-law, for her assert in com petulanceate my children during my research. I would like to thank my children, Ines, Soraya and Jasmine, for alter up my liveliness with rage and happiness. I would like to warrant for the gravid mood and stress built in beds that are unfortunately connected with such a thesis. My earnest gratitude to my perceptiveness and benignant husband, Naoufal, for his honorable and financial support, for believe in me and for share-out the passion for experience with me.Resume In or der to enter symbiosis with its legume partner, Sinorhizobium meliloti has to deliver persistent changing conditions. It has more king to adjust quickly to the situation than the ability to face it expeditiously that makes the inconsistency in term of symbiosis efficiency. For the first interactions with its host, motility is require by S. meliloti to move towards the chemotactic compounds released by its host when exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are required afterward on, for the auxiliary to the root as well as for the violation of the transmitting thread, spark advance to the formation of the root nodule.We think in this study the restrictive networks lead to the coordination of motility and EPSs production in the strain Rm2011. Depending on the inorganic phosphate dumbness encountered in the environment Rm2011 synthesizes two different exopolysaccharides (EPS). Galactoglucan (EPS II) is produced under phosphate starvation simply also in the presence of special cop ies of the transcriptional regulator WggR (ExpG) or as a case of a renewal in mucR. The galactoglucan biosynthesis gene caboodle contains the operons wga (expA), wge (expE), wgd (expD), and wggR (expG).Two champions, differentially controlled by WggR, PhoB, and MucR, were set upstream of each of these operons. The proximal promoters of the wga, wge, and wgd transcription units were constitutively agile when set-apart from the upstream regulative sequences. champion activeness studies and the positions of predicted PhoB and WggR grooming sites suggested that the proximal promoters are hand and glove bring on by PhoB and WggR. MucR was shown to potently inhibit the distal promoters and demarcation line to the desoxyribonucleic acid in the vicinity of the distal transcription start sites.An additional repressing launch on the distal promoter of the structural galactoglucan biosynthesis genes was place as a new feature of WggR in a mucR mutant. trend is organized i n S. meliloti in a ranked cascade, with company Ia genes, convert the major regulator of motility VisNR coercive the expression of the section Ib gene, rem, which encodes a central regulator, activating the expression of the downstream family II and assort tierce genes. We could demonstrate that MucR binds a deoxyribonucleic acid sequence upstream of rem, by-line a different mechanism as previously sight upon grooming upstream of the wg genes.By this way, MucR inhibits rem expression as well as the expression of the Rem-regulated genes such as flaF and flgG. Furthermore, we communicate a balance of the swimming and swarming abilities of several S. meliloti strains derivatives of Rm2011. We could show that all strains, able to realize flagella, were swimming on low viscousness agar-agar-agar plates. However, swarming over high viscosity agar plates required all a working(a) expR / sin locus, the ability to pee threat and the production of exopolysaccharides. Final ly, we propose a deterrent example for the coordination of motility and EPSs synthesis in S. meliloti.