Minuit Chretien French Christmas Carol - O Holy Night

Minuit Chrà ©tien is the French Christmas Carol Equivalent of O Holy Night. Its a traditional Christmas Carol. Here are the lyrics and translation. The lyrics and translations are quite different. Youll find a version here on YouTube sung by Pavorotti.   Lyrics For The Christmas Carol Minuit Chrà ©tien - O Holy Night Minuit, chrà ©tiens, cest lheure solennelle,Oà ¹ lHomme-Dieu descendit jusquà   nousPour effacer la tache originelle Midnight, Christians, its the solemn hour,When God-man descended to usTo erase the stain of original sin Et de Son Pà ¨re arrà ªter le courroux.Le monde entier tressaille despà ©ranceEn cette nuit qui lui donne un Sauveur. And to end the wrath of His Father.The entire world thrills with hopeOn this night that gives it a Savior. Peuple à   genoux, attends ta dà ©livrance.Noà «l, Noà «l, voici le Rà ©dempteur,Noà «l, Noà «l, voici le Rà ©dempteur ! People kneel down, wait for your deliverance.Christmas, Christmas, here is the Redeemer,Christmas, Christmas, here is the Redeemer! Le Rà ©dempteur a brisà © toute entrave :La terre est libre, et le ciel est ouvert.Il voit un frà ¨re oà ¹ nà ©tait quun esclave, The Redeemer has overcome every obstacle:The Earth is free, and Heaven is open.He sees a brother where there was only a slave, Lamour unit ceux quenchaà ®nait le fer.Qui Lui dira notre reconnaissance,Cest pour nous tous quIl naà ®t,QuIl souffre et meurt. Love unites those that iron had chained.Who will tell Him of our gratitude,Its for all of us that He is born,That He suffers and dies.   Peuple debout ! Chante ta dà ©livrance,Noà «l, Noà «l, chantons le Rà ©dempteur,Noà «l, Noà «l, chantons le Rà ©dempteur ! People stand up! Sing of your deliverance,Christmas, Christmas, sing of the Redeemer,Christmas, Christmas, sing of the Redeemer! If you enjoy this article, you may also enjoy my enunciated recording of the Catholic mass prayers in French. Jai à ©crit beaucoup darticles et dhistoires sur Noà «l en France:- Christmas in France Dialogue - French English Bilingual Easy Story- Qui est Saint Nicolas ? Dialogue en Franà §ais Facile- Meet the French Santa - French English Bilingual Easy Story- 8 Gift Ideas for Your Francophile Friends- Petit Papa Noà «l - The Most Famous French Christmas Song (with a link to a video of my daughter singing it!) Joyeuses fà ªtes de fin dannà ©e ! Happy Holidays.

Populist Leadership, Modern Tyranny - 1421 Words

Populist Leadership, Modern Tyranny Introduction: In the paper presented below, the author assembles an idea about populism as a modern tyranny, taking book IX as a reference for the similarity of certain features among a populist leader today, with the tyrant of yesterday described by Plato. According to Socrates the democratic man arose from the oligarchic father when he dared to place in the same rank the necessary and unnecessary desires enjoying them in moderation. In Book IX of the treatise of Plato s Republic, Socrates argues his disciple Adeimantus as the Democratic son of a man becomes a tyrant when he lets himself be dragged by evil companies that incite him to seek the pleasure of the forbidden at best dark of his being,†¦show more content†¦It is these same vices that will soon diminish his fortune since these vices will make him inclined to disorganize his mind in such a way that he cannot take actions that have proved successful in the society. Then he will live a disordered life envying his neighbor and will eternally blame others for his misery. This man, if he held power by an extraordinary situation favorable for his connections with the underworld or opportunity to convince the power groups, such as a political crisis or war, would exert revenge against those who would oppose him and alone Those who flatter him and praise him would be among his closest associates. As the tyrant leader is born: According to Socrates, when democracy has an excessive freedom with its citizens, tyranny is inevitably present. Since the young man who was educated by â€Å"thrifty parents who preferred wealth-seeking desires† (572 c). Despised what had to do With the proper education of the individual and the healthy fun, however, when this young man grows up he finds friends who influence negatively inculcating values away from the family, then this young man already become a man begins to fall into excesses, vices, and corruption. For this very reason, the young tyrant, seeing that these two forces,Show MoreRelatedMuslim Nations and Their Crisis of Leadership Essay1280 Words   |  6 PagesMuslim Nations and Their Crisis of Leadership Muslim nations face a crisis of leadership, which affects both them and their relationship with other countries. In Muslim society the leader embodies both political and moral authority. Yet even the best-known thinkers who comment on Islam, like Professor Samuel Huntington and Francis Fukuyama, have failed to identify the importance of Muslim leadership. On the surface there is a bewildering range of leadership: kings, military dictators, mullahsRead MoreAnalysis Of Nicholas Riasanovskys The Image Of Peter The Great1231 Words   |  5 Pageshero and a westernizing traitor to Russian heritage. The second is how Peter’s power is understood, whether he was a great statesman, or an overzealous tyrant. Riasanovsky claims these different factors have been bolstered or criticized of Peter’s leadership have fallen in and out of favor depending on the political climate of the time. Riasanovsky’s outline of Russian views towards Peter contains some oversimplifications. It also fails to note important themes in Russian culture throughout RussianRead MoreClass Struggle5630 Words   |  23 Pageslockouts). Class antagonism may instead be expressed as low worker morale, minor sabotage and pilferage, and individual workers abuse of petty authority and hoarding of information. It may also be expressed on a larger scale by supp ort for socialist or populist parties. On the employers side, the use of union-busting legal firms and the lobbying for anti-union laws are forms of class struggle.Not all class struggle is a threat to capitalism, or even to the authority of an individual capitalist. A narrowRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesBusiness Review Finance Articles The Power of Management Capital Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum International Management, Sixth Edition Hodgetts−Luthans−Doh Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition Jones−George Driving Shareholder Value Morin−Jarrell Leadership, Fifth Edition Hughes−Ginnett−Curphy The Art of M A: Merger/Acquisitions/Buyout Guide, Third Edition Reed−Lajoux and others . . . This book was printed on recycled paper. Management http://www.mhhe.com/primis/online/ Copyright  ©2005Read MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesperspectives for organizational design Social democracy and the democratic organization Democracy, rationality and power A psychodynamic perspective on design – create the boundaries Critical theory and psychoanalysis challenge understandings of leadership and management Conclusions 330 330 332 332 332 339 340 341 342 342 344 345 347 347 349 354 356 357 357 359 360 361 362 367 371 373 374 375 Chapter 9 The evolution of management as reflected through the lens of modernist organization theory

Homer Barron’s remains that lay on the bed Free Essays

It was Homer Barron’s remains that lay on the bed in one   of the rooms of the old Grierson house, found there forty years after his disappearance.   The circumstances and events cited by the author of the short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† point out to this inevitable conclusion. Only a person with an abnormal state of mind would suffer a dead man to lie unburied for years, mouldering right inside a room in her house. We will write a custom essay sample on Homer Barron’s remains that lay on the bed or any similar topic only for you Order Now When some of the neighbours complained of the foul smell, Miss Emily acted as if nothing was wrong: the men who had surreptitiously entered her lawn to spread lime over the ground saw her sitting inside one of the rooms.   Unknown to them at that time, she was perhaps keeping vigil or visiting her lover’s corpse. That she would lie down with him night after night – evidenced by the â€Å"long strand of iron-gray hair† found in the indentation in the pillow beside him –   bespeaks of her utter loss of sanity, which was not so visible at first. That Miss Emily suffered from emotional instability – a streak of madness in her – becomes apparent as the story unfolds. Cloistered in the ancient Grierson mansion, Miss Emily is seen as someone above the average citizen: her supposed lineage kept people at bay.   She ignored tax notices sent after her father died; either she did not comprehend, or she had naively believed the old tale that the townspeople were indebted to her family.   She is impervious   and cold, seemingly devoid of any emotion, as if lost in a   world only she knows about. We find the first strong evidence of her unnatural state of mind when her father dies: she refuses for three days to have him buried, telling the mourners he was not dead.   â€Å"We did not say she was crazy then,† narrates the author.   The people saw her grief as evidence of a despairing helplessness, feeling herself so alone, still unmarried, her father having driven away those young men who had earlier proposed to her. We are told that Miss Emily â€Å"had some kin in Alabama; but years ago her father had fallen out with them over the estate of old lady Wyatt, the crazy woman . . . â€Å" Here is yet another hint that madness ran in the family. When she and Homer Barron are seen together, causing a scandal among the townsfolk, the Baptist minister is sent to talk to her.   The minister does not say what transpired during their interview but he refuses to go back (and talk to her) again. Perhaps the minister was taken aback by Miss Emily’s haughty demeanor as that she displayed when she vanquished the town officials who had demanded from her payment of taxes.   Or maybe the minister saw something frightful in Emily’s eyes that he refused to talk to her again. How to cite Homer Barron’s remains that lay on the bed, Papers

Technological Innovations in Mental Healthcare

Question: Discuss about the Technological Innovations in Mental Healthcare. Answer: Introduction Australia is a country is a very big country. It is composed of people from diverse socio-cultural backgrounds such as the indigenous Aboriginal and the Torres Strait Islander people. Health disparity has been identified as a major issue facing the countrys healthcare system because the inequality and inequity in the distribution of health services is influenced by a number of socio-cultural factors. It is for this reason that there is a high prevalence of illnesses and mortality amongst the indigenous communities than the rest of the Australian society. However, the fact that this problem exists does not mean that it can be resolved. The Aboriginals and the Torres Islander people can still be helped if appropriate measures are taken. This paper presents an in-depth and critical analysis of the applications of digital storytelling in addressing the persistent problem of chronic illness amongst the Aboriginals and the Torres Islander people. The Prevalence of Chronic Illness amongst the Indigenous Communities in Australia Research has proven that there is a high prevalence of chronic illnesses such as diabetes amongst the indigenous communities than non-indigenous communities in Australia. Over the years, many Aboriginals and the Torres Islander people have been suffering from chronic illnesses. As a community, the indigenous people cannot be compared to their non-indigenous counterparts in many ways (Russell, 2013). The Aboriginals and the Torres Islander people have been exposed to a wide range of chronic illnesses because of their socio-cultural background. First and foremost, the indigenous communities are not economically-empowered. A large number of the indigenous people are not educated and employed. Meaning, they do not have the financial muscle to face the health challenges affecting them. Without a job, the people cannot afford quality healthcare services. Meaning, in case of any infection, they might not get access to the required medical interventions (Gajjar, Zwi, Hill Shannon, 2014). At the same time, failure to posses the right quality of education worsens the situation because it makes the indigenous people to be ignorant of the benefits of health care in their lives. Accessibility to healthcare services is a very important factor that determines the health condition of a community. Secondly, the Aboriginals and the Torres Islander people have a high prevalence of chronic illnesses because of their cultural beliefs. As a community, the indigenous people are known to be quite conservative and superstitious. The Aboriginals and the Torres Islander people still engage in certain cultural practices that expose them to chronic illnesses (Waugh, Donaldson, 2016). For example, the belief in the causes, symptoms, effects, and treatment of diseases has been hindering the community members from going to the hospital to seek for medical services. The community does this because according to their culture, modern health services are not appropriate and relevant to their needs (Donato Segal, 2013). However, this is an ill-informed decision because diseases like diabetes require life style changes, decisions that can only be effectively made and maintained through the support of healthcare providers. Finally, the Aboriginals and the Torres Islander people have a high prevalence of chronic illnesses because of their geographic location. As an indigenous people, the Aboriginals and the Torres Islander people live in the rural areas. These are remote places in which accessibility to healthcare services is hindered by the inadequacy of infrastructure (Mitrou, et al., 2014). Rural areas are known to be places with poor road networks and inadequate health facilities. The inadequacy of infrastructure has been negatively impacting on the community because it prevents them from getting the health services that they need at any given time (Gubhaju, et al., 2013). When people are located far from the health facilities, for instance, they cannot manage to get emergency healthcare services. This ca negatively affects the community because it will increase the rate of illnesses and mortality. The Effectiveness of Digital Storytelling amongst the Indigenous Communities in Australia The Aboriginals and the Torres Islander people are known to be the indigenous communities that have a unique set of problems. When compared to the rest of the Australian society, the Aboriginals and the Torres Islander people have been established to having a high rate of chronic illnesses. The high prevalence of chronic illnesses has adversely affected the community in many ways (Panaretto, Wenitong, Button Ring, 2014). Notably, the prevalence of chronic illnesses has resulted into economic loss. A lot of money has been used in the provision of healthcare services to the community (Brown, O'Shea, Mott, McBride, Lawson Jennings, 2015). Besides, the situation has affected the community socially. Meaning, it has caused suffering to the individual patients, family, and community members at large. The suffering endured by one member of the community is spread to their loved ones as well. Thus, chronic illness is not an individual, but communal problem. To address the persistent challenge of chronic illness amongst the indigenous communities, a large number of interventions can be applied. One of the strategies that can be of great contribution in the eradication of chronic illnesses in the community is the use of digital storytelling. Digital storytelling refers to the use of digital media to disseminate health information in the form of story (Hollis, Morriss, Martin, Amani, Cotton, Denis Lewis, 2015). In other words, it is a story that is shared through a digital media platform. An example of a digital narrative is Hows Your Sugar? Here, individuals get an opportunity to narrate their health stories and make it available to others to have access to it. A digital narrative can be designed to suit a wide range of audience (Gubrium, Hill Flicker, 2014). A person telling the story gets an opportunity to explain to the audience more information about their health experiences and how they have been dealing with a particular illness i n their lives. Hows Your Sugar? as a digital narrative is a flexible platform because it gives people an opportunity to use a wide range of methodologies while narrating their health story. It can be in the form of audio tape, still photos, or moving videos. This means that it is not a narrow platform, but a diverse media that can be used to access a large and diverse audience including those with ear or visual impairments. Whichever the design adopted, an individual uses the platform to simply tell the story regarding their health. It is therefore no doubt that digital narrative is a noble initiative that can work miracles (Sharma, 2016). If properly utilized, it can play a significant role in addressing various health challenges affecting a community or nation. Indeed, the use of Hows Your Sugar? has helped in transforming the lives of the Aboriginal and Torres Islander people. Since the establishment of this digital storytelling platform, a large number of Australians have gotten a chance to tell their stories. The website is like an informal arena in which ordinary people share their information. The stories told in the website are so strong because they are told by the patients who have, at one stage in their lives, faced a challenge highlighted in the story (Tones, Robinson Tilford, 2013). It benefits the storytellers by giving them a fulfillment that they need as individuals. The telling of story about illnesses facing a person can provide a relief because it removes the garbage from them. It is a form of treatment because it gives a partial solution to the problem (Hardy, 2015). A problem shared is half solved. Hows Your Sugar? has transformed the lives of the Aboriginal and the Torres Islander people because it has given them a chance to listen to powerful stories from other people. It has been equipping people with powerful stories that have been helping them to make important decisions regarding their health status. By learning from the stories that diabetes is a disease that can be managed, many people have decided to change their lifestyles and seek for medical attention the way it was done by the storytellers (Lupton, 2015). An inspiration story given by a patient is treated as a relevant testimony that should be emulated by others at all times. The stories in the website are good ones because they have lots of inspiration to the people. Therefore, it is recommended to visit the website and get information that is useful in the fight against chronic illnesses like diabetes (Casado, 2014). Hows Your Sugar? shares lots of similarities with the diabetesaustralia.com. In the first place, the two websites are used as storytelling platforms. Just like Hows Your Sugar? diabetesaustralia.com is used by patients who have been suffering from the disease on which the story is based. This implies that each of the two websites present stories that are recited from the perspective of the patients. The use of individual patients to present their own stories is more powerful than the use of experts because it appears to be inspirational (Lupton, 2015). The advantage of this strategy is that it is effective and appealing to audience. A story told by a person who has had a real experience is good because it is readily acceptable by the audience. The other similarity between Hows Your Sugar? and diabetesaustralia.com is that they provide a flexible platform for people to discuss about chronic illnesses. Although the stories are told from the perspective of the patients, enough room is created for the experts to chip in. the websites have allowed the storytellers to use still images of videos to tell their stories. This means that they are not restricted to one medium. The advantage of this strategy is that it increases the audience base for the stories because they can be accessed by different categories of audience including those with visual impairments (Gubrium, Hill Flicker, 2014). The provision of an informal story-telling platform has been encouraging people to courageously tell their stories and let other people learn from their experiences. This website deals in cancer. Just like the other websites, it gives patients an opportunity to share their cancer stories so as to inspire and give hope to other cancer patients. Conclusion In conclusion, the Aboriginals and the Torres Islander people are indigenous communities that have been facing lots of challenges in their pursuit for healthcare services. The indigenous communities get it challenging to access quality healthcare services because of their socio-cultural disadvantages. This justifies why the communities have a high prevalence of chronic illnesses such as diabetes. However, with the application of digital narrative, the problem of chronic illness is getting resolved. The use of Hows Your Sugar? has been instrumental because it created an accessible platform in which the patients freely interact with one another and get to share their personal stories. The website has positively contributed towards the eradication of chronic illnesses such as diabetes. For example, by using the platform people have managed to come out and boldly explain to others how they have been struggling with chronic diseases. The fact that these stories come from patients makes th e strategy to be quite appropriate in fighting chronic illnesses. A story from one patient can be relied upon as an inspiration to other people who might be facing a similar challenge. Therefore, by learning those similar conditions had been effectively managed and overcome by ordinary community members, individuals can be challenged not to give up, but to actively engage in treating it. The use of digital narrative is an appropriate strategy whose continued usage will positively contribute towards the eradication of chronic illness in Australia. The efforts of Hows Your Sugar? and diabetesaustralia.com have yielded lots of fruits. The strategy should therefore be encouraged because it will continue making positive impacts in the country. It is one way through which the government will help in reducing the disparities between the indigenous and non-indigenous communities in Australia. Many such digital narrative platforms should be created to address all the issues of health concern affecting not only the indigenous people, but all sections of the Australian society. It will be a sure way of attaining a universal health equity and equality in the country. References Brown, A., O'Shea, R.L., Mott, K., McBride, K.F., Lawson, T. Jennings, G.L., (2015). A strategy for translating evidence into policy and practice to close the gap-developing essential service standards for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cardiovascular care. Heart, Lung and Circulation, 24(2), pp.119-125. Casado, D. R. A. (2014). Narrative autonomy: three literary models of healthcare in the end of life. Cambridge quarterly of healthcare ethics: CQ: the international journal of healthcare ethics committees, 23(2), 200-208. Donato, R. Segal, L., (2013). Does Australia have the appropriate health reform agenda to close the gap in Indigenous health?. Australian Health Review, 37(2), pp.232-238. Gajjar, D., Zwi, A.B., Hill, P.S. Shannon, C., (2014). A case study in the use of evidence in a changing political context: an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health service re- examines practice models, governance and financing. Australian Health Review, 38(4), pp.383-386. Gubhaju, L., et al., (2013). The overall health and risk factor profile of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander participants from the 45 and up study. BMC public health, 13(1), p.1. Gubrium, A. C., Hill, A. L., Flicker, S. (2014). A situated practice of ethics for participatory visual and digital methods in public health research and practice: A focus on digital storytelling. American Journal of Public Health, 104(9), 1606-1614. Hardy, P. (2015, December). First do no harm: developing an ethical process of consent and release for digital storytelling in healthcare. In Seminar. Net: Media, Technology Life- Long Learning (Vol. 11, No. 3). Hollis, C., Morriss, R., Martin, J., Amani, S., Cotton, R., Denis, M., Lewis, S. (2015). Technological innovations in mental healthcare: harnessing the digital revolution. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 206(4), 263-265. Lupton, D. (2015). Health promotion in the digital era: a critical commentary. Health promotion international, 30(1), 174-183. Lupton, D. (2015). The pedagogy of disgust: the ethical, moral and political implications of using disgust in public health campaigns. Critical Public Health, 25(1), 4-14. Mitrou, F., et al., (2014). Gaps in Indigenous disadvantage not closing: a census cohort study of social determinants of health in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand from 19812006. BMC Public Health, 14(1), p.1. Panaretto, K. S., Wenitong, M., Button, S., Ring, I. T. (2014). Aboriginal community controlled health services: leading the way in primary care. Med J Aust, 200(11), 649-52. Russell, L.M. (2013). Reports indicate that changes are needed to close the gap for Indigenous health. Med J Aust, 199(11), pp.1-2. Sharma, M. (2016). Theoretical foundations of health education and health promotion. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Tones, K., Robinson, Y. K., Tilford, S. (2013). Health education: effectiveness and efficiency. London: Springer. Waugh, A., Donaldson, J. (2016). Students' perceptions of digital narratives of compassionate care. Nurse education in practice, 17, 22-29.

Electric Cars Essays (1562 words) - Green Vehicles,

Electric Cars Electric Cars History: Early electric vehicles may have appeared as early as 1830. Scottish inventor Robert Davidson constructed the world's first prototype electric vehicle in 1837, but historians generally credit J.K. Starley, an English inventor, and Fred M. Kimball of Boston with building the first practical electric cars in 1888. Later in the in the decade, William Morrison of Des Moines, Iowa, constructed his version of the electric vehicle in 1891. His vehicle required 24 storage battery cells, took 10 hours to charge, and could run for 13 hours. It could carry up to 12 people and had a 4-horsepower motor. His car could reach speeds up to 14 miles per hour. Morrison, however, never mass-produced his vehicle. The first commercially produced electric vehicle was the Electrobat. It was manufactured by Philadelphia-based Morris and Salom Company. In 1896, the Woods Motor Vehicle Company of Chicago became the first American manufacturer of electric cars. The Electrobat was one of several electric cars, which competed in a race sponsored by Illinois publisher H.H. Kohlsaat. He had challenged inventors to come up with a car that could travel the distance from Chicago to Evanston and back (58 miles). Electric cars and gas cars competed against each other in this competition. Although none of the cars performed in an especially notable manner, the electric cars failed miserably. It seemed that the slushy country roads generated a great deal of friction, which drained the strength of the batteries quickly. Shortly after the Kohlsaat race, Thomas Edison said he believed gasoline, not electricity, would provide the dominant power source for the automobile of the future. As it looks at the present, he said, it would seem more likely that (the cars) will be run by a gasoline or naphtha motor of some kind. It is quite possible. However, that an electric storage battery will be discovered which will prove more economical, but at the present the gasoline or naphtha motor looks more promising. It is only a question of a short time carriages and trucks in every large city will be run on motors. Thomas Edison seemed to predict the future. Even so, in 1904 one-third of all the cars in New York City, Chicago, and Boston were electrically powered. By 1912, there were 20,000 electric cars and 10,000 electric busses and trucks were on the road in the United States. Only a handful of manufactures, notably Baker and Detroit Electric, made it into the 1930's. Former President Woodrow Wilson owned one of the most elegant cars of the period, a 1918 Milburn Electric. In the 1960's and 1970's a handful of electric car manufactures started to reappear because of the increasing concern about air pollution and a depleting supplies of petroleum. In the late 1970's and 1980's, manufactures started developing electric cars called hybrids. These cars have all the components of the electric cars plus an internal-combustion engine. In the late 1980's, one of the most e technologically advanced electric cars was the Sunraycer, developed by General Motors Corporation. This experimental car used solar energy to recharge its batteries. More recently, in 1996, General Motors Corporation announced the first modern, mass-produced car designed specifically as an electric car. Also in 1996, the Honda Motor Company introduced another electric car, the first with nickel-metal hydride batteries, for sale in the United States. Italian automaker, Fiat, announced it will begin making vehicles with a new, standard-sized battery based on a European standard in 1996. Technological Concepts: An electric car has a battery and a controller, connected to the accelerator pedal, for directing the flow of electricity between the battery and motor. Most electric cars use lead-acid batteries, but new types of batteries, including zinc-chlorine, nickel metal hydride, and sodium-sulfur, are in the works. The motor of an electric car harnesses the battery's electrical energy by converting it to kinetic energy. Kinetic energy is the energy that makes the car move. The driver simply switches on the power, selects Forward or Reverse with another switch, and steps on the accelerator pedal. While the internal-combustion engine of a conventional car has many moving parts, an electric motor has only a single rotating element. Like a gasoline-powered car, an electric car has a system, called a power train, of

Franz Josef Haydn essays

Franz Josef Haydn essays Franz Josef Haydn was born on March 31 1732, in Rohrau, a village in Austria near the boarder of Hungary. Music was like an instinct for Franz Josef. During the evening Mathias (father) would play the harp, Elizabeth (mother) would sing, as the children sat at their feet and listened. Of these younger Haydns, Franz Josef was most affected by the music he heard, and most clearly showed musical ability. When his father discovered him one day, sitting outside the schoolhouse and pretended to play the violin by scraping two sticks of wood together, he wanted to give his boy the best music training as possible. So he got his relative, Johann Mathias Franklin, a choirmaster, who would teach the boy of six the violin and harpsichord. Hayden later recalled that he received more blows than victuals from his teacher. Haydn composed his first string quartet in 1755 on the encouragement of a musical amateur, von Furnberg who conducted chamber music performances at his home. At this time Hayden married Maria Anna Keller, daughter of a wig-maker. This was an ill-fated marriage. She was not interested in her husbands art, frequently using his manuscripts as curling papers. There were endless fights. The couple lived together several unhappy years, and then separated forever. Hayden supplied her with a generous income until the end of his life in 1809. The song that I listened to was symphony number 97 in C Major. It starts like it is a bad, dark place but then it changes into a light beautiful place. The song makes me feel happy and joy filled. It is really upbeat and it makes me think of summer and warm sunny days. Some parts get really soft and then they get low, alarming, and loud. My favorite part is in the ending when it goes real high then low then high again and then holds a long low note. I really enjoyed this song and I like dancing to it. ...

Understanding customers- analysing customers using mosaic Essay

Understanding customers- analysing customers using mosaic - Essay Example Understanding customers- analysing customers using mosaic It helps to increase customer loyalty and thereby thwarts customers from switching to the products offered by other companies. Mosaic UK is a useful tool utilised by many companies to develop their segmentation strategy based on the consumer classifications provided in the Mosaic profile system. First of all a detailed analysis of the Mosaic profile system developed by Experian plc is presented in this study. Next this study would include analysis of information reports prepared by Experian related to three retailers operating their business operations in United Kingdom. The customer profiling related to each of the three retailers would be compared to have an idea about its impact on the different marketing strategies followed by the organisations. Segmentation of customers is an important marketing strategy followed by the business organisations and its importance has also been included in this study. Next this report takes help of a case study for suggesting some consumer marketi ng ideas for some fashion retailers who might be interested to target a specific Mosaic Group. Experian plc has developed a system which helps in classification of the households in UK and has been named as Mosaic UK. It is a type of geo-demographic segmentation system which is available commercially. Consumer classification reports prepared through Mosaic UK are helpful in understanding the Behaviour, demographics and lifestyles followed by all the households and individuals present in UK. Understanding the consumer behaviour patterns in different parts of UK is critical to the success of any organisation because it helps the companies to develop products that best satisfy the particular needs and requirements of the customers. Mosaic UK is helpful to the organisations in three ways: The companies are able to increase the values of its customers through in-depth understanding of the behavioural patterns of their customers in UK The value of a particular location in which a company targets to sell its products is also increased through the development of proper marketing mix u sing information from Mosaic UK Mosaic UK is also helpful in assessing the risks associated with investing in a particular location in UK Thus Mosaic UK developed by Experian is thus an important tool to segment and classify consumers in UK based on various characterising features. The latest version of Mosaic UK that is available in the market now helps in classification of consumers present in UK into 67 different types which are spread over 15 distinct groups of people (Experian Mosaic, 2010). A brief overview of each of the 15 groups of people identified through Mosaic UK is given below: Group A: Alpha Territory – This type of group comprises of the most influential and wealthy individuals staying in UK. Group B: Professional Rewards – The managerial and executive classes of people are categorised in this group. Group C: Rural Solitude – This type of group includes people living in isolated cottages and small villages in UK. Group D: Small Town Diversity â⠂¬â€œ This type of group are classified as people living in small and medium sized towns in UK. Group E: Active Retirement – This group of people are aged over 65 years and are spending their

The Reglatory & Econ Envirnmnt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Reglatory & Econ Envirnmnt - Essay Example Gist includes supply chain services and management mainly in the UK (Lines of Business online). Being a capital-intensive business, BOC's profitability hinges on its sustained investment in technology to develop new products and services across all businesses and novel uses for existing products, as well as to design efficient methods for manufacturing industrial gases such that economies of scale could be achieved (Annual Report and Accounts 2005: Group Profile, 16; Annual Report and Accounts 2005: Risk Factors, 39). For example, for its PGS business segment, better plant reliability has led to a 16 per cent improvement in total revenue and an 11 per cent increase in total adjusted operating profit for the first half of 2006 (BOC Interim Report 2006, 2). Other than plant reliability, investment in new production facilities will also affect the profitability of PGS as such investments are critical in securing long-term supply contracts (Annual Report and Accounts 2005: Group Profile, 18). For the ISP business, BOC is planning the construction of a helium production plant in Au stralia. When completed, it will be only one of its kind in Australia (Annual Report and Accounts 2005: Group Profile, 20). This monopoly of the Australia market should be beneficial to profits. Furthermore, state-of-the-art technology to efficiently use power has delivered tremendous savings (Annual Report and Accounts 2005: Social, Environmental and Ethical Performance, 31). Technology can also be viewed from the perspective of its customers. Technological developments in industries where customers operate can increase the profitability of BOC. For example, success with major flat panel fabs in Korea has led to a soar in materials consumption and equipment demands, which brings about the strong vacuum equipment market share (Annual Report and Accounts 2005: Research, Development and Information Technology, 36; Merrill Lynch Chemicals Conference, 12). On the economic front, energy costs are particularly influential on profits, especially for PGS (BOC Interim Report 2006, 2) and ISP (BOC Interim Report 2006, 2). Domestic revenue depends on the manufacturing economy and pension costs (BOC Interim Report 2006, 2), while revenue and profit in the US and Canada hinges on demand from the oil and gas sector in the western region (BOC Interim Report 2006, 2). Exchange rate movements are also particularly influential on profitability (Annual Report and Accounts 2005: Operating Review, 40; BOC Interim Report 2006, 3) since BOC operates worldwide such as the UK, US, Europe, China, Asia, Australia, and Africa (Annual Report and Accounts 2005: Group Profile, 18; BOC Interim Report 2006, 2-3). Lastly, BOC is affected by the semiconductor business cycle as manufacturers in the semiconductor industry form the bulk of BOC Edwards' customer base, and BOC Edwards' profitability is directly influenced by the demand of these manufacturers for vacuum e quipment, services and industrial gases (Annual Report and Accounts 2005: Risk Factors, 38) There are many factors in the legal environment that are particularly influential on BOC's profitability. These factors include compliance with accounting, safety, health and environmental regulations and laws. They are discussed in the

Design Principles and Practice Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Design Principles and Practice - Coursework Example The infant is placed inside a jogging stroller and the runner can then push or pull the stroller to carry the weight of the infant. Other than running, the jogging stroller can also be used to transport infants over commutes because the strollers are safe by design and requirement. This report examines all major design principles and practices required to create an innovative jogging stroller. Pahl and Beitz model Market Research on Existing Devices Market research indicated that myriad companies are already manufacturing jogging strollers. The current models that are available are able to satisfy most customer requirements. Generally jogging strollers are three wheeled, vary in weight from manufacturer to manufacturer and could be foldable or fixed. (Jogging Stroller, 2011) Safety is mandatory. Seating capacity could be for one or two infants who are placed either inline or abreast on the jogging stroller as per design. Moreover, the wheels on jogging strollers are roughly 18 inches in diameter. Harnesses are also included so that the runner may tie themselves into the jogging stroller. (Luff, 2011) However, other models are available that can be pushed around. The handle bars are adjustable and storage bins have been provided to store infant accessories. (Running Advisor, 2011) Standard bare bones jogging strollers (one seat version on left and two seat version on right) Market Research from Potential Users In order to ascertain the requirements of potential users, I went to parks around the campus and interviewed parents using jogging strollers. This helped to precipitate both the good points and bad points in the jogging strollers. Most users related that the three wheel design was stable enough to prevent overturning. Wheel size is also acceptable at around 18 inches. In my survey I found only a very few jogging strollers with harnesses. Those who were using harnesses were not happy with their performance as the claimed that harnesses restricted use and ca used unwanted strain. Others who did not use harnesses said that they preferred to push jogging strollers around than become cart horses. This implies that as per aesthetics people prefer jogging strollers that can be pushed around. Moreover, when people were inquired about the appearance of the jogging stroller most people believed that the bare bones jogging strollers looked ugly. Most expressed a desire to purchase better looking models. Therefore, there exists a potential to sell a slightly expensive jogging stroller if it is made beautiful enough. The desire to have more aesthetically pleasing jogging strollers was most common amongst younger mothers (20 to 30 years old). The older mothers (30 and above) were mostly indifferent to how the jogging stroller looked. Market Research (British and European Union Standards) Under British regulations both new and used prams and push chairs must adhere to BS 7409:1996 or equivalently to BS EN 1888:2003 (equivalent European standard). Th is standard is largely concerned with safety of infants in the prams and push chairs category and sets guidelines for rollover and other similar incident prevention. Another applicable standard is BS 1877-10 which specifies the various kinds of mattresses and bumpers that are used in perambulators for children. The mattresses must allow for a certain degree of softness as well as ensure circulation of air to ensure that the child is comfortable even during long walks and runs under the sun. Another important device is the safety harness in use on push chairs which is covered by BS 6684. (BSI, 2005) Furthermore, the material used to construct children’

External Environment And Organisational Culture Of Apple UK Marketing Essay

External Environment And Organisational Culture Of Apple UK Marketing Essay The aim of this report is to explain the brief history of Apple Inc and analyse the internal and external environment and organisational culture of Apple UK. The findings in this report will supported by academic models and theories. 2.0 Methodology: The internet is useful source for any kind search, the information I gathered for this report is from search engine e.g. Google, university recommended books and lecture notes. 3.0 Introduction: Environment can be defined as, the amalgamation of external physical circumstances that impinge and influence the augmentation, development and survival of creation. Therefore, the business environment would define as same, all the factors internal and external that affects its profitability and growth. It is very important for the business leader to carry out business environmental analysis to understand their business topography at present time. Apple Inc is an American company which operates in different countries in other words. This report briefly characterizes the Apple UK environmental analysis. The environmental analysis will focus on internal environment SWOT (strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats) and external environment will focus on PESTEL (political, economical, social, technological, environmental and legal) of Apple UK with the support of academic models and theories. The final part of this report is the assessment of Apple culture and organisational culture. 4.0 Defining the Business Environment: Strategy is the direction and scope of an organisation over the long term, which achieves advantages for the organisation through its configuration of resources within a challenging environment, to meet the needs of markets and to fulfil stakeholder expectations. (Johnson and Scholes) Business environment means the forces or the factors that affect the business decisions. It is important for businesses to analyse those forces in order to come up with problem solving solutions. Some of those forces are out of business control e.g. political, social, economical these forces called as external forces which are out of business control. The environment which businesses have or can hold is called the internal environment. 4.1 Importance of Business Environment: History is abundant with paradigms of organisation that have failed to apprehend their operating environment, or simply fizzle to react to transform in the environment. The after-effect was gradual decay in their profitability, and hereafter they may break off to exist as a viable business. Therefore, understanding business environment is very important it brings the early assimilation of opportunities and threats that business may suffer and helps to prevent from oncoming business threats instead of losing to competitors. 4.2 Analysis of Business Environment: Environmental analysis is a precise evolution that initiate from assimilation of environmental factors, accessing their constitution and impact, analysing them to come up with their impact to the business, and accomplishing distinctive contour for positioning. Business environment can competently assay using following business environment: 4.2.1 Internal Business Environment: Internal environment reflects the internal factor of the business which organisations can control and can adapt or alter from time to time. The best way of explain internal business environment of any organisation is use of SWOT and Porters value chain analysis. 4.2.2 External Business Environment: External business environment represent the uncontrollable factors, the external factors can be analysed using PESTEL and Porters five forces. Kotler argues that PESTEL analysis is an effective strategic tool for understanding market development and decline, business position, conceivable and direction for operations. 5.0 What is Apples Inc. Apple Inc is an American intercontinental organisation with a hub on conception and fabricating consumer electronics and intimately connected software products. Entrenched in Cupertino, California on April 1, 1976 Apple evolves sells and supports a variety of personal computers, music players, mobile phones, and computer softwares and hardware accessories. As of November 2010, Apple operates over 300 stores worldwide and online shop where its products are sold. The Apples well known hardware products involve Macintosh for personal computers, the iPod for media players and iphone. The Apple Inc was known as Apple computers Inc for its first thirty years of business. The Apple Inc dropped computers from its name on January 9, 2007 because the Apples expansion towards consumer electronics in accessions to its core business of personal computers. Apple employs over 49,400 employees worldwide and Apples financial results for its fiscal fourth quarter ended September 25, 2010 Apple posted record revenue of $20.34 billion and net quarterly profit of $4.31 billion or $4.64 per diluted share. 5.1 Apples Inc History: Apple was established on April 1, 1976 by Steve Jobs, Steve Woznaik and Roland Wayne to sell its Apple I personal computers. Roland Wayne left the company on January 3, 1977 who sold his share back to Jobs and Woznaik. The Apple I personal computers were hand built by Woznaik in the common room of jobs fathers home. The Apple I was came to market at home brew computers club almost 200 computers were built and was sold as motherboard not they sell currently as full personal computers. 1989-1991 been called first golden age for apple when apple introduces its power book in 1991, the modern layout of laptop computers and the same year Apple introduces system 7 for its operating systems. Apple introduces its online store on November 10, 1997; Apple introduces its new all in one Mac computer on August 15, 1998. Apple sold almost 800,000 units of imac in first five months and holds the strong name in the market also made a good profit. Apple opened its first retail store in Virginia and California on 19 May 2001 and carry on opening new stores in United States and other countries. In later 2001 Apple introduces its music player iPod, it was a big success and sold over 100 million units in six years since it introduce. Apple introduces its first chip computer on January 10, 2006 a note book computer called Mac book pro in 2006 Apple transformed all its products into Intel chips. In 2007 Apple announced the launch of iPhone and Apple TV and the following day Apple share price hit all time high. Apple introduces its iPhone in 2007 which was big success and later updated version of Apple iphones and in 2010 Apple launched its new innovation called iPad. 5.2 Apple Inc Mission Statement: Apple is committed to bringing the best personal computing experience to students, educators, creative professionals and consumer around the world through its innovative hardware, software and internet offering. 5.3 Apple Inc Vision Statement: Man is the creator of change in this world. As such he should be above systems and structures, and not subordinate to them. 6.0 Apples Inc UK Environmental Analysis: Apple Inc is the leading consumer electronic brand in United Kingdom, operating around 29 Apples retail stores and online store within UK. Apple UK environment can be analyse using internal and external environmental analysis. 6.1 Apples Inc UK Internal Environmental Analysis: Apples internal environmental analysis represents the factors which Apple has controlled over them, those factors best analyse using SWOT analysis and Porters Value chain analysis. 6.1.1 SWOT Analysis of Apples UK: SWOT analysis will focus on following factors of Apple Inc: Source: http://www.bizstrategies.biz/swot-analysis.html 6.1.1.1 Strengths of Apple Inc UK: Brand Name: Apple has well established and strong brand name among the consumer and its competitor through quality and introducing new products. Innovative: Apple is been innovative since the beginning, always come up with new ideas and products. Microsoft and Intel: Apple use to produce its own software for its product but working with Microsoft and Intel gave edge to its profitability. Research and Development: Apple has strong research and development to its competitor this is the reason apple always come up with new innovation. Financial Vitality: Apple has cash reserve continued strong and stable although the idle market shares development of computer hardware and software area. Apple achieves this by resisting market pressure to cut cost by product packaging and forming strategic agreement. Customer Loyalty and Quality: Apple has strong customer loyalty because of the quality of product that Apple provides to its customers. 6.1.1.2 Weaknesses of Apple Inc UK: High Price: Apples products are higher in price, even though many of consumers want to use Apples product but they cannot afford to buy one. Weak Relationship: Apple relationship with Microsoft and Intel is not as strong as it should be. Weak Presence in Business Area: Apple have only 29 retail store operating in United Kingdom. The Product Life Cycle: The Apples product life cycle is very small so the revenue is mostly depending on its new product or service. Less Attraction towards Corporate Customers: Apple products do not attract corporate customers. Technological Complications: Apples mostly face problems with its software and hardware. 6.1.1.3 Opportunities of Apples Inc UK: Fast Growing Industry: Apple started with personal computers, now they are selling music players, laptop computers, mobile phones, iPads and also online music store. Technological Innovation: Apple can develop strong position in market doing joint venture and Laptop computer market growth is high so it can develop new models to fulfil the need of customers. The Online Store: the e-commerce is growing rapidly, ITunes is the online store developed by Apple. Improve Warranty and Reduce Prices: Apple can improve its warranty program and reduce its product prices to challenge its competitors prices and hold a strong position in market. 6.1.1.4 Threats of Apple Inc UK: Fierce Competition: Apple has strong competition with its competitors within same industry. Economic Crisis: economic crises have negative impact on Apple sales because consumers do not spend too much in critical situations. Microsoft: Microsoft recently launched windows 7 with alluring user interface and new features which can attract Macintosh user to switch to windows. ITunes: free downloading of music and videos may affect the profitability of Apple online store. 6.1.2 Porters Value Chain Analysis of Apples UK: Source: http://www.ukeducation.org.uk/qdocsview.asp?ID=1340 The value chain approached was established by Michael Porter in his book competitive advantage in the 1980s. Michael Porter value chain analysis accommodates a series of activities found to be accepted to a wide range of organisations. Porters describe primary and supportive activities as shown in the above diagram. 6.1.2.1 The Primary Activities of Value Chain and Apple UK: Inbound Logistics: the process of acquiring and depot of raw materials and their distribution to accomplishing as they are appropriated. In case of Apple UK the inbound logistics are the new ideas, product designs, Intel chips and other required raw material. Operations: it is the process of transforming inputs into outputs and services. Apples software products are developed in US and all the hardware products e.g. computers, music players and mobile phones assembled in China. Outbound Logistics: it is the process of distributing and warehousing of products. In case of Apple products are distributed from Chine and warehoused in Apples allocated warehouse in UK. Marketing and Sales: the process of identifying customers requirement and creation of sales. When the Apple product is ready to entre in the market Apple advertise it itself showing rich features and Apple suppliers advertise it as well to generate awareness among the consumers. Service: it is the process of feedback after the products and services are sold to customer. Apple feedbacks from its customers are always good about its products and services it is because of the quality Apple provide to its customers. 6.1.2.2 The Supportive Activities of Value Chain and Apple UK: Firm Infrastructure: it focuses on the organisational culture, structure and organisational control system. Apple is an American multinational organisation its UK operation is influence by its background and consideration of consumer needs in United Kingdom. Human Resource Management: represents the recruiting of employees, development, training and compensation. Apple UK recruits the local staff and trained them about their products so they can help and satisfy Apples customers. Technology Development: the important part of any organisation it focuses on improves and new technology introduce to system it gives organisation a competitive advantage. Apple itself a technology business so keep introducing new and beneficial technology to its business. Procurement: it focuses on valuable purchase of inputs such as raw material equipment and supplies. Apple main raw material is to buy chips to produce good quality and moderate products. 6.1.3 Critical Discussion on Apple Internal Environment: SWOT and Porters value chain analysis explained the internal environment of Apple UK, hence it will help to understand the current and future position of organisation. SWOT (strength, weakness, opportunities and threats) analysis of Apple shows the strength of company the factors which Apple are doing its best, weaknesses explained the factors which Apple do not provide its best, opportunity explained the factors what Apple can achieved using its resources and threats shows the factor which can damage the profitability and growth of Apple. SWOT analysis shows the strength of Apple is very strong to protect its image, the weakness Apple has they can do more research and development to overcome those weaknesses, Apple must utilise its opportunities to make its brand strong and if Apple can work on their weaknesses and opportunities its threats will be overcome or may be reduce. The Value chain analysis show the business culture and business operating system which shows that Apple Value chain is valuable because their product assembled in China with low cost and they have their UK operating system and human resource follows the required environment as in United Kingdom. 6.2 Apples Inc UK External environmental Analysis: External environment represent the factors which organisations do not have controlled over them. PESTEL and Porters five forces will best explain the Apples external environment. 6.2.1 PESTLE Analysis of Apple Inc UK: Source: http://www.marketingminefield.co.uk/marketing-plan/pestle-analysis.html Political: government type, its stability, current and future taxation policies. Apple does not have any control over it, to cope with this Apple has to change with it as in United Kingdom VAT rate is going up to 20% from 17.5% it will cause Apples product prices will go up. Economical: economical situation, inflation, interest rate and strengths of consumer spending. It will directly affect the Apple and its profit, if economical situation is bad consumer will spend less. Social: population growth rate, life style of people, culture, religion media views and perception. Apple has to consider all those things to do business and have to have with consumer needs. Technological: it represents the current and future technology, research and development and rate of technology change. Apple itself an electronic organisation so it has to keep up to date and move on to new technologies. Legal: it focuses on legislation in employment and health and safety, changes in law, trading policies and regulatory bodies. Apple has to update itself with new legal laws and change its policies according to it. Environmental: it focuses on recycling consideration, amount of pollution created by product or services, attitude to the environment from government and environmental pressure groups. Apple is electronic organisation so it has to consider its packaging that it can be recycled. 6.2.2 Porters Five Forces Analysis of Apple Inc UK: Source: http://notesdesk.com/notes/strategy/porters-five-forces-model-porters-model/ The five forces model was developed by Michael Porter in his book competitive strategy in 1980s. The model is simple but effective tool to understand business position. It is helpful to understand current competitive strategy and strength of business that it is cogitating to move into. The five factors in this model are: Supplier Power: it accommodates all the supply of inputs that are required to provide products or services. It reflects how many, and who is the supplier of the company and what is the strength of supplier and switching to different supplier will cost more, as Apples main supplier of chips are Intel. Buyer Power: it is impact the consumers have on company, when buyer power is strong the relationship of the company is called monopsony in economist term. When there are many suppliers and one buyer then the buyer set the price. Apple has many competitors they sell their products less in price than apple, the buyer threat for Apple is high. Threat of new Entrant: competition is high and every organisation wants to diverse it business so it is easier for companies to enter in new market. Apple is electronic organisation it already has many competitors around so threat of new entrant is high for Apple. Threat of Substitute: it focuses on the alternative products available in market with low price and better performance. Apple produce music players, computers, mobile phone and iPad there are many other companies which are producing same products with lower price. Competitive Rivalry: it describes the competition between the existing companies in same industry high competition result in margin, pressure on selling price. Apples products are higher in price than its competitors so threat level is high for Apple. 6.2.3 Critical Discussion on Apple Inc UK External Environment: External environments are the uncontrollable factors for any organisation. Apples external factors were analysed using PESTLE and Porters five forces. PESTLE analysis focused on political, economical, social, technological, legal and environmental factors of Apple UK. However Apple does not have any controlled over them but Apple can change it with them, recently the current United Kingdom government increased VAT rate to 20% from 17.5% this will result in product prices it will go up. Apple can reduce its price to keep customers happy or offered them some incentive. Most of the organisations have pressure from environmental organisation about environment pollution Apple can produce its recycled packaging. Apple has to keep considering social and economical factors and do research and development to cope with them. Porters five forces helps to gain competitive advantage, Apple have many competitors around but it has strong brand value and name and competitive advantage from its compe titor. Apple have to keep analysing five forces of Porter and find its best place in the market and carry out more research and development to bring new ideas and innovations. 7.0 Organisational Culture: Organisational culture is the nature of the organisation. Culture is composing of the beliefs, values, norms and corporeal artefacts of organisation employees and their behaviour. Any organisational culture can be best analyse using Geert Hofstede cultural dimension. 7.1 Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimensions: Hofstede found five different cultural dimensions in his study of interaction between national and organisational culture. Power Distance: represent the power within the society is divided equally or unequally and what extant society accepts this power distribution. Individualism: individualism is the one side against its opposite. Individualism/ collectivism represent the people act according to self interest or the interest of group. Masculinity: masculinity against its opposite femininity represents the distribution of role between genders. Uncertainty Avoidance: it refers the member of the society requires structure and boundaries at work place. High uncertainty avoidance societies are intolerant of risk. Low uncertainty avoidance societies are where risk and anomaly widely accepted. Long-term Orientation: it refers to society accent attached to future against the present and past. In long term people appraise action and approach that affect the future and in short term people appraise action and approach that affect present and past. 7.2 Apples UK organisational Culture: Source: http://www.geert-hofstede.com/hofstede_united_kingdom.shtml Apple is a multinational organisation its business structure based on country of origin. Apple United Kingdom culture based demographic and social factors of UK. Hoftede study of cultural dimension show UK is most like to be individualistic culture followed by masculinity. It shows people in United Kingdom are individualistic and there is not much difference between genders. Apples employees are more individualistic and there is not bias against any gender, therefore Apple is the successful organisation within the United Kingdom. 8.0 Recommendations: Apple has many competitors within its industry, Apple try to reduce the cost of products and maintain good quality. Apple has very less retail stores it must try to open more stores and joint venture with any big organisation will help to expand the business. Apple must continue to bring new ideas and innovation and expand its business. 9.0 Conclusion: Apple is the successful company with a strong brand name and has many competitors within same industry. Apple internal business environment was analysed by using SWOT and Porters value chain analysis. SWOT analysis focused on strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats which explained Apples strength give it a strong hold against its competitors, weakness and threats would overcome by research and development, opportunities will bring more strength to organisation. Porters value chain analysed Apple business system which is valuable but they to consider it to cut the prices of its product. Apple external environment was analysed using PESTLE and Porters five forces the external factors are uncontrollable factors that Apple do not have any controlled over them but it cannot resist them but change with them effectively to maintain its growth and profitability. Organisational culture represents the nature of organisation Hofstede cultural dimension helps to analyse culture. United K ingdom is most likely to be individualistic and masculinity cultures where people work for self interest and there is not much differ in gender. Apple UK culture is suitable and acceptable for the people in United Kingdom that what make Apple is a successful organisation in the United Kingdom.

Vying For A Title :: essays research papers

Vying for a Title   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The contenders have been primped and manicured by their masters and are ready to be placed on display. The subjects with the wealthiest owners attend top-notch obedience schools where they are trained in the art of acting and appearing in a way uncharacteristic to their nature. They are rewarded with special treats when they work hard during training. The skills learned in these unique schools are not useful anywhere else, but in the competitions are judged and often given a champion prize. The contestants are paraded in, coached by their owners. Each standing tall with her head raised and nose up. Most are showing their teeth as if to be smiling or happy. Truthfully, they are showing the judges the straightness and whiteness of their teeth. Both the long-haired and short-haired have had chemicals applied to them to make certain every hair lays perfectly. The outward appearances of the participators are close to flawless. If any flaws are detected in the preparation they are quickly covered up. Trainers and owners see imperfections as point deductions. Those are deductions they can’t afford when a title and thousands of dollars are on the line. A woman moves from one contestant to the next testing them. To the last in the line of female competitors the question is asked, â€Å"If you could change the world, what would you change?† Too confidently the girl replied, â€Å"I would end world hunger and poverty.† When all she really aspires to do is win this contest and the next. This is what pageantry is about. Parents who subject their children to beauty pageants teach their children that winning these contests will bring them happiness. Is being deemed the best at being fake really anything to be happy about? Too many mommies and daddies believe so. Do the pageant parents have their own dreams about their daughters being Miss Americas? Do the participants really compete in beauty contests to better themselves or their futures? Do they have a driving force from behind the stage? Will these parents go to any extent to mold their daughters into something that might win a few of these superficial contests? â€Å"†¦Didn't the Ramseys think that putting JonBenet in all those beauty pageants, looking so seductive, was inappropriate. The child was 5. All the pictures we saw were of her looking 25 and slinking and winking.† (Schwartz) â€Å"Mrs. Ramsey said that was just the public's problem and if they thought a 5-year-old trying to look more sexy than Madonna was a bit twisted - well that just shows what twisted people we have in this country.

Happiness for Our Life

HAPPINESS for OUR LIFE WHAT IS HAPPINESS: Happiness is thought of as the good life, freedom from suffering, flourishing, well-being, joy, prosperity, and pleasure. Are you truly happy? Do you even know what it means to be happy and what it takes to achieve happiness? These are important questions for anyone who is seeking happiness to ask themselves. I live my life to maintain my own happiness while trying my best to not cause unhappiness to anyone else. If you want to be happy you need to understand that you can be happy and that you should be happy.Many people make the mistake of believing that they don’t deserve happiness and accept their unhappy state as their destiny. The truth of the matter is that happiness, like anything else in life, needs to be nurtured. Two Faced I Smile When I’m Happy, I Smile more When I’m Sad FEW TIPS TO FOLLOW TO CREATE HAPPINESS IN OUR LIFE: 1. Understand what it is that will make you happy. Everyone has unique requirements for at taining happiness and what makes one person happy may be very different from what makes someone else happy. Revel in your individuality and do not worry about whether or not your desires are comparable to those of your peers. . Make a plan for attaining goals that you believe will make you happy. Your mood will very likely increase as your pursue your goal because you will feel better about yourself for going after something you value. 3. Surround yourself with happy people. It is easy to begin to think negatively when you are surrounded by people who think that way. Conversely, if you are around people who are happy their emotional state will be infectious. 4. When something goes wrong try to figure out a solution instead of wallowing in self pity.Truly happy people don’t allow setbacks to affect their mood because they know that with a little thought they can turn the circumstances back to their favor. 5. Spend a few minutes each day thinking about the things that make you happy. These few minutes will give you the opportunity to focus on the positive things in your life and will lead you to continued happiness. 6. It’s also important to take some time each day to do something nice for yourself. Whether you treat yourself to lunch, take a long, relaxing bath or simply spend a few extra minutes on your appearance you will be subconsciously putting yourself in a better mood. . Finding the humor in situations can also lead to happiness. While there are times that require you to be serious, when it is appropriate, find a way to make light of a situation that would otherwise make you unhappy. 8. Maintaining your health is another way to achieve happiness. Being overweight or not eating nutritious foods can have a negative effect on your mood. Additionally, exercise has been known to release endorphins that give you a feeling of happiness. 9. Finally, it is important to understand that you deserve happiness.Those who believe that they are not worthy of happiness may subconsciously sabotage their efforts to achieve happiness. If necessary, tell yourself each day that you deserve to be happy and remind yourself what steps you will take to achieve the happiness you desire. Happiness is hard to define but most people are aware of whether they are happy or not. Many people believe that happiness is a form of luck and that some people are destined to be happy while others are destined to be unhappy. The tips in this article are small but meaningful steps that you can take each day to lead you to true happiness. Happiness for Our Life HAPPINESS for OUR LIFE WHAT IS HAPPINESS: Happiness is thought of as the good life, freedom from suffering, flourishing, well-being, joy, prosperity, and pleasure. Are you truly happy? Do you even know what it means to be happy and what it takes to achieve happiness? These are important questions for anyone who is seeking happiness to ask themselves. I live my life to maintain my own happiness while trying my best to not cause unhappiness to anyone else. If you want to be happy you need to understand that you can be happy and that you should be happy.Many people make the mistake of believing that they don’t deserve happiness and accept their unhappy state as their destiny. The truth of the matter is that happiness, like anything else in life, needs to be nurtured. Two Faced I Smile When I’m Happy, I Smile more When I’m Sad FEW TIPS TO FOLLOW TO CREATE HAPPINESS IN OUR LIFE: 1. Understand what it is that will make you happy. Everyone has unique requirements for at taining happiness and what makes one person happy may be very different from what makes someone else happy. Revel in your individuality and do not worry about whether or not your desires are comparable to those of your peers. . Make a plan for attaining goals that you believe will make you happy. Your mood will very likely increase as your pursue your goal because you will feel better about yourself for going after something you value. 3. Surround yourself with happy people. It is easy to begin to think negatively when you are surrounded by people who think that way. Conversely, if you are around people who are happy their emotional state will be infectious. 4. When something goes wrong try to figure out a solution instead of wallowing in self pity.Truly happy people don’t allow setbacks to affect their mood because they know that with a little thought they can turn the circumstances back to their favor. 5. Spend a few minutes each day thinking about the things that make you happy. These few minutes will give you the opportunity to focus on the positive things in your life and will lead you to continued happiness. 6. It’s also important to take some time each day to do something nice for yourself. Whether you treat yourself to lunch, take a long, relaxing bath or simply spend a few extra minutes on your appearance you will be subconsciously putting yourself in a better mood. . Finding the humor in situations can also lead to happiness. While there are times that require you to be serious, when it is appropriate, find a way to make light of a situation that would otherwise make you unhappy. 8. Maintaining your health is another way to achieve happiness. Being overweight or not eating nutritious foods can have a negative effect on your mood. Additionally, exercise has been known to release endorphins that give you a feeling of happiness. 9. Finally, it is important to understand that you deserve happiness.Those who believe that they are not worthy of happiness may subconsciously sabotage their efforts to achieve happiness. If necessary, tell yourself each day that you deserve to be happy and remind yourself what steps you will take to achieve the happiness you desire. Happiness is hard to define but most people are aware of whether they are happy or not. Many people believe that happiness is a form of luck and that some people are destined to be happy while others are destined to be unhappy. The tips in this article are small but meaningful steps that you can take each day to lead you to true happiness.

TNA Essays

TNA Essays TNA Essay TNA Essay TNA Introduction TNA is a process of gathering and interpreting data for identifying performance problems and suggesting solutions. ?Training needs analysis is a critical part of the training process. The TNA objective is twofold: to collect and evaluate information in order to find out what is being done now and what should be done now and later. We have no set procedure for performing a TNA, but the activities fall into three Stages (surveillance, investigation, analysis) and end with a report. The TNA concept provokes some problems within the organization, and the person sponsoring a TNA must cope with these.? (Smith Delahaye, 1998 p. 79) The fictive case scenario presented in this assignment will take place at The Slabrock Nightclub in Skien, Norway, where I actually used to work as the security manager. Some trendy nightclubs in Skien have been forced to close its doors because of failing to control crime on the premises. As a well-repudiated security consultant, I get a call from Slabrock Nightclub which have received multiple warning letters from the local authorities, threatening to revoke the club?s liquor license and operating permit. The conclusion from this call is that I am to conduct a TNA, write a report tna, bouncers, club, analysis, security, police, should, training, job, data, out, manager, management, investigation, clubs, smith, surveillance, slabrock, nightclub, need, call, being, performance, 1998, work, three, someone, serious, required, reports, plans/policies, person, patrons, organization, local

buy custom The Real Position of Power essay

buy custom The Real Position of Power essay The Prohibition era was probably one of the chaotic periods in the history of the United States. While the country was debating whether or not to do away with production, sale, and distribution of alcohol within its borders, those who had influence thought otherwise. Prohibition was officially enacted into law in early 1920 when the Eighteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution was ratified by the states (English 34). This paved the way for banning of any production, sale, and distribution of alcoholic drinks in the United States. While those who supported the enactment of the law thought its implementation was inexpensive and easy, those who held true influence on the American population had other thoughts. As the events before, during, and after the implementation would attest, the real power to influence the behavior and attitudes of American people was in the hands of a few individuals (Fopiano, Fopiano, and Harney 90). Prior to the enactment of Prohibition laws, America had started falling into the hands of organized criminal organizations. The period saw the emergence of Italian, Jewish, and Irish mafias who not only had illegal operations running in the underworld, but also had engaged in massive secret recruitment of members into their organized criminal groups. These groups had well organized and systematic operations and structures that nobody dared question their illegality or operations (English 45). To acquire power and influence, individuals or organizations would seek the endorsement and support of the society in which they lived and operated. Sometimes this power is acquired through coercion and therefore would be termed illegitimate or may be through legitimate endorsement and support of the majority members of the society or state (Lupo 230). Irrespective of how the power is acquired, both parties would have a certain degree of influence on the daily lives of the members of the societ y. The leaders of these organizations (legitimate or not) would therefore play a big role in directing the path that the society takes (Repetto, American Mafia 67). However, the two groups can never share a common cause or goal on behalf of the society. It is common sense that the two parties will always seek to outdo each other in winning the hearts of the leaders, and thus will spend much time feuding and fighting each other. As the power battle between organized criminal groups and legitimately elected leaders during the Prohibition era will show, the real power may sometime lie in the hands of those we sometimes consider illegitimate leaders. As the United States was busy considering whether to pass laws prohibiting manufacture, sale, and even distribution of alcohol within its borders in order to stop consumption of alcoholic beverages, organized criminal organizations were busy building alliances within and outside the government. The subsequent enactment of Prohibition laws was not only a godsend opportunity for the mafia organizations to make money but also provided an opportunity for these organizations to spread their tentacles in all sectors of the American society. As noted earlier, illegal organizations operations largely depend on the support extended by the society. The mafias led by such figures as Enoch "Nucky" Johnson, Alphonse Al Capone and Lucky Luciano not only mastered this practice but also perfected it and it was ultimately their profession throughout their lives (Fopiano, Fopiano, and Harney 96). In their wisdom, these leaders thought it was wise and expedient to compromise a few individuals in the society whom they thought were upright and legitimate leaders in different sectors of American society (Repetto, American Mafia, 97). The main targets of these mafias were the people who worked in the police and intelligent forces, legislature, and judiciary. Through blackmail, bribery, and the development of mutually dependent relationships with other legitimate leaders and businesses, members of these powerful gangs became the true wielder of power in the American society during the Prohibition era (Repetto, American Mafia 89). These groups recruited more and more members who later ultimately adopted gangster lifestyles associated with all manner of ills including drug abuse. As a result, the number of people that sought help in drug treatment centers grew rapidly. Thus, these rackets were later integrated and accepted into the lawful American society while seeking protection fr om the corrupt legislatures, law enforcement officers, and legal counsels (Lupo 230). The mafia groups in the United States emerged in early 1900 out of closely knit immigrant societies that had no trust in the American police and authorities. Majority of the members from these mafias consisted of individuals from Italian, Irish and Jewish descents. These individuals were new to the American culture and therefore found it convenient to cluster in certain neighborhoods of their own (Fopiano, Fopiano, and Harney 96). Most Americans were wary of the new immigrants flocking their country in the early years of 20th centuries, especially the ones who had difficulties in speaking and understanding English and thus they resorted to sidelining them (Rumbarger 109). On the other hand, the immigrants felt that the intolerant and crooked American police and authorities could not be trusted to provide their neighborhoods with protection and therefore, they resorted to grouping themselves in mafia groups (Lupo 230). Just before the enactment of Prohibition laws, the influence of the mafia groups started becoming apparent to the rest of the Americans. Mafia leaders including Enoch "Nucky" Johnson, Al Capone and Lucky Luciano began exerting their influence in the American society by engaging in gambling, drug trafficking, extortion and prostitution business to generate income which would be used to silence the authorities and to recruit new members into their businesses (Repetto, American Mafia 98). While it is true that the enactment of Prohibition law provided avenues for the expansion of mafias in the United States, it is also true that the leaders of these mafias had substantive influence even before prohibition. Through their illicit trades in gambling, prostitutin, drug trafficking, and loan sharking, these gangs were able to draw a substantive profit that not only accorded them good life but was enough to buy politicians, business leaders, labor unions as well as law enforcement agencies. With their large illegally acquired incomes, the criminal leaders were able to fund individuals seeking local and national political offices with an aim of having people protect their businesses. With this kind of influence, the gangs promoted the adoption of Prohibition laws through organizations, for instance The National Temperance Council (Repetto, Bringing Down 256). As soon as the United States finally adopted the Prohibition laws in order to prohibit sale of alcohol, the American mafia leaders led by the notorious Chicago Mafioso Al Capone, Johnny Torrio, Peter Licavoli, Nucky Johnson and Lucky Luciano moved in to seize the opportunity provided by the law. According to Fopiano, Fopiano, and Harney, prohibition not only offered the members of the mafias employment, good lives, new cars, and trendy suits but it also extended the overall influence of these leaders (97). In contrast to the money fetched by other racketeering business such as bookmaking, extortion, prostitution, and loan sharking, bootlegging produced too much in terms of profits. In other words, the prohibition law provided an atmosphere that could be exploited by the mafias to enrich themselves financially, fester their activities, develop new associates nationally, and expand their influence to all sectors of the society including politics (Dietche 89). It is important to note th at these mafias were operating in American society which had legitimate government and authorities entrusted with power and to control all evils. This is certainly a pointer that the real power was wielded by these organized gangs at that time. Al Capone, one of the most influential leaders of the mafia groups, was born in 1899 in Brooklyn New York. After quitting school at 6th grade, Al Capone joined a street gang led by Johnny Torrio. Other members included Lucky Luciano, who later emerged to be influential and equally notorious mafia leaders (Rumbarger 103). Al Capone first came to Chicago at the invitation of Torrio who had attained an influential position within the ranks of Colosimo mob. The groups influence in Chicago was well known even before the Eighteenth Amendment. Apart from engaging in racketeering activities such as extortion, prostitution, gambling, and drug trafficking to get easy money, Al Capone and members of his Colosimo mob also ventured into legitimate businesses. The group particularly invested in dyeing and cleaning industry which enabled them to cultivate influence with not only the government and local leaders but also with the labor unions, law enforcement agencies, and employees associates. After the Eighteenth Amendment, the gang expanded their operations to illegal production, sale, and distribution of liquor and beer (Rumbarger 114). With the help of Al Capone, Torrio invested heavily in this godsend opportunity. When the leader of the gang died in violent attack by rival gang, Torrio assumed full leadership and made Capone his right hand man. However, Torrio did not last long as the leader after being wounded in a fight with other groups. He humbly handed over to Al Capone who became one of the most feared gang leaders in the entire Chicago. He ruthlessly drove away other rival gangs out of Chicago in order to own full racketeering rights in the entire area. Al Capone and his gang were known for eliminating or nullifying the influence of other rival groups not only in Chicago but across the country as they built networks and syndicates in other major cities (Fopiano, Fopiano, and Harney 98). Lucky Luciano had substantial influence as well in New York during the early years after the Prohibition laws were enacted into law. However, he became more influential after the arrest and subsequent detention of Al Capone in mid 1930s. The arrest of Al Capone led to the disorientation of Chicago and the disappearance of the gang members. As a result, the center of focus shifted to New York where Lucky Luciano had all the power and influence akin to that of a king. He became the boss of all bosses as he started controlling all the mafia groups around the country .He is well known for transforming the illegal businesses operated at smoky bars and backrooms into large and more profitable businesses, thanks to his clout in business and political circles (Rumbarger 117). The influence of Enoch Nucky Johnson was probably clear when he hosted a big conference in Atlantic City which resulted to the leadership of organized crimes during the Prohibition era. At the conference, were bosses of all major Italian and Jewish gangs in America whose lieutenants included such figures as Charlie Lucky Luciano, Meyer Lansky, Frank Costello, John Torrio, and Al Capone (Lupo 88). Old bosses in the businesses as well as organized criminal groups that had Irish connections were not invited. Enoch Nucky Johnson was not only powerful but also wielded a lot of influence in business and political circles. He assured the delegation hosted at his backyard Atlantic City, that there would be no interference of law enforcement authorities. Moreover, he displayed his wealth by paying for all the entertainment, accommodation, and food charges. Johnsons promises were true since there was indeed no police interference and the delegates felt much at ease patrolling the beaches and t he gardens of the luxurious Breaker Hotel (Rumbarger 109). This made the meeting an open secret as faces of a number of prominent members appeared on the papers the following morning. As a result, various questions emerged concerning why the police and other local authorities never reacted since they were known to be the wielders of power who never compromised (Repetto, Bringing Down 312). A number of issues topped the agenda at this conference that are worth noting. These issues deal with the power and influence of the organized groups. Representation at the conference was very selective and those in attendance did not represent the face of American ethnically driven gangs. According to some historians, the fact that the conference drew attendance from only Jewish and Italian mafias was a pointer that the Irish American gangs that operated in parts of the country werre coming to an end (English 78). Issues which were discussed in the meeting revolved on how to move forward after prohibition finally came to an end and how to eliminate Irish gangs who dominated racketeering business and had a lot of influence on politics and business operations in American bigger cities. Other issues that were discussed included how to expand the illicit liquor venture in order to reap maximum profit as well as how to reorganize and consolidate the underworld business into a larger Nati onal Crime Syndicate .It is interesting to note that these criminals were planning all these in full glare of a functioning government and police force. This seems to denote that it is true that our legitimate leaders were either humbled by their connections to these crooks, or were simply out of control (Rumbarger 105). Additionally, it is also important to note that the profitability of the underworld trade in liquor and beer at the national scale fostered an atmosphere of widespread corruption within the American government, legislature, and law enforcement agencies to local leaders in most of the cities. According to Fopiano, Fopiano, and Harney, the provisions of the prohibition laws were considered by most members of the public, elected leaders, and law enforcement officials to lack any substantial moral authority (99). It is believed the passage of Prohibition into law provided a perfect platform for the relationship between political figures and the organized criminal groups to stabilize .Indeed, the interconnection between these two groups was seen for a long time even after the Prohibition repealed (Repetto, American Mafia 99). It is argued that the enactment of prohibition law not only facilitated the growth of all powerful criminal organizations but also helped in consolidating power in the hands of these outlaw groups (Dietche 90). Thus, the criminal organizations illegitimately controlled and directed all sectors of the American society. While the period before enactment of prohibition also recorded a remarkable growth of racketeer activities that were equally profitable, the ratification of the Eighteenth Amendment gave more power and influence to the organized crime groups in a manner that even the elected and law enforcement officials could not understand (Repetto , American Mafia 105). The law enforcement agencies and members of the Congress found themselves fighting allegations of colluding with criminal organizations to turning a blind eye on their operations in exchange of kickbacks. According to the estimates of the U.S. Attorneys Office, the dreaded Chicago criminal leader made about $105 milli on in annual income (Fopiano, Fopiano, and Harney 102). With this amount it is believed that more than half of the Chicago police forces were on their payroll in order to protect the businesses and members of his gang. In addition, the huge profits generated by the illegal liquor business across the country found its way into American legitimate businesses owned by politician and morally upright individuals .In essence, the criminal organizations spread their influence to sectors that the society considers legitimate as their activities integrated into mainstream social and economic activities of the society (Davis 89). This discussion cannot leave out the role of politics in legitimizing criminal activities and subsequently, giving them power to control all sectors of our lives. Politicians who are legitimately authorized to exercise power have proven time and again that they can simply operate as stooges of criminal gangs and groups. The Prohibition era was no exception. As English notes, politicians and members of the Congress were at a loss on how to deal with the organized crime groups (56). It is interesting to note that while the criminal organizations of the Prohibition era were growing and engaging in illegal businesses and criminal activities, a few notable figures stood up to question the operations of these criminal gangs. Having entered into mutual relationships with these criminals to provide protection in exchange for election cash or votes, the leaders were compromised and thus, could only watch as the gangs terrorized member of the public (Davis 78). Members of the congress and other political leaders could have also been bribed and therefore sworn to silence for fear of being blackmailed. It was not until the Wickersham Commission of 1930 that the political class started suppressing the urge to be compromised by easy money, which generated from illicit business operations (English 56). However, Congresss reluctance to deal with the menace of criminal organizations continued throughout the Prohibition and even after the abolition of the prohibition laws (Repetto, American Mafia 78). Even after the prohibition laws came to an end in 1933, the criminal leaders of 1930s understood the rule of the game that, to wield power and influence, strong political connection was important and that inter-gang wars were a waste of time. Like in the previous decade, the elected leaders and law enforcement officials provided a free zone for the organized criminal groups of 1930s to manifest and diverse their businesses which now included gambling, prostitution, drug trafficking as well as labor racketeering (Fopiano, Fopiano, and Harney 102). Conclusion It can be argued that the true owners of power and influence are not those in authority or power. It can rightly be put that majority of those who are in position of power are sometimes compromised to do against the wishes and expectation of the majority. This is caused by one major factor which is greed. As the events of the Prohibition era have indicated, even in democratic societies, power and influence can be exercised by illegitimate bodies and organizations which tend to control and dictate the events and activities in the society. Legitimately elected and appointed leaders and bodies may sometimes fail to provide leadership by simply abdicating their powers to other illegal bodies that control and dictate how they work. Therefore, in the eyes of the public the real wielder of power and influence are those in position of power and authority; however, this is not always the case as illegal groups may equally wield power and influence by simply controlling the pockets of the elec ted leaders. It therefore asks the question, is money a key determinant of where true power rests? Buy custom The Real Position of Power essay

The law should be changed in order that compensation for personal Essay

The law should be changed in order that compensation for personal injury accidents is not based on the proof of fault - Essay Example There are three types of damages available under the tort law i.e. nominal, compensatory and punitive damages. Nominal damages are a symbolic reward and are awarded to the plaintiff where no actual harm is proven but liability for a tort is established. Punitive damages are awarded to punish and discourage egregious behavior. These are mostly awarded when a tort is proven to be committed with malice. The compensatory damages are awarded as indemnification for personal injury, property or an economic harm sustained by the victim. Compensatory damages have been under great criticism and are a topic of constant debate as there is no monetary equivalent for mental distress and pain. The â€Å"proof of fault† is an important element of tort law. It is an issue that requires attention and review. Before discussing it in detail, some problems of the law of tort are briefly discussed because the change in the system of â€Å"proof of fault† might be able to do away with these p roblems too. One of the major problems is that of lack of adequate damages. It is justifiable to award damages in respect of an economic loss because it is calculable. But there is no scale on which damages for pain and suffering can be calculated. It is probably due to this fact that the Courts award huge sums as damages in such cases. But these damages become excessive liabilities on the defendants. In Young v. Glasgow Tramway and Omnibus Company (Limited)3, the claimant was granted such damages which seemed excessive to the defendant. His motion for a new trial was denied and it was held that the damages were not excessive. In this case, Lord President Inglis explained that in order to grant a new trial for excessive damages, it must be established that the damages awarded are so extravagant that no other jury would repeat it.4 This was not the case here. In this case, it is very difficult for a third party to determine whether justice is served or not because there is no scale w hich can make a pecuniary measurement of the pain and suffering of a person. Cooter and Porat discussed the issue as to what should be the procedure of measuring the compensation for negligence by doctors and drivers.5 According to them, the Courts often follow a system of probability and percentage. The probability pertains to the probability that harm might be caused. The types of potential harms caused by the two parties are very different from each other as there is a contractual relationship between the doctors and patients and there is no such relation between the drivers and the victims. According to Cooter and Porat, there is a need to bring externalities into consideration while determining the amount of compensation. There is a possibility that there may be some externalities that prevent the defendants from the performance of their duty to care. The